Geologic and Environmental GIS GEOS 5350 Spring 2011, T-Th (9:30-10:45am)

1. Geologic and Environmental GISGEOS 5350 Spring 2011,T-Th (9:30-10:45am) Mohamed Sultan: Office Hours: Tuesday (4-5) Lab: Adam Milewski Office Hours: Thursday (4-5)

2. Course Description The course provides rigorous hands-on-exercises (based on data from case studies) on the applications of statistical methods, GIS technologies, and other computer-based software to the management, analysis, and display of multidimensional, geological, hydrogeological, and environmental data sets (70% of student effort). The course will cover (30% of student effort) the fundamentals of spatial data analysis and GIS technologies as well, since the students can not start dealing with applications unless they understand the fundamentals. In addition, students will be required to complete a research project using spatial data sets and acquired expertise

3. Books • There are no required books • The material presented will be extracted from multiple sources including but not limited to: • Chang, KT, 2006, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, McGraw Hill • ESRI ArcGIS text as PDF files • Bonham-Carter, G.F., 1996, Geographic information systems for geoscientists, pergamon press, 398 pp. • Sickle, J.V., 2004, Basic GIS Coordinates, CRC Press

4. Access course material & drop assignments • Online course material: Go to http://www.geology.wmich.edu/courses/websites.html • Each of you will be assigned a folder on the ESRS server

5. Course Outline PART I GIS Fundamentals & Applications - Mohamed Sultan (10 weeks) This section will be mainly dedicated towards understanding and exploring the use of GIS technologies (mainly ArcGIS9.3 software) to address various geologic and environmental problems of concern including the following:

6. Geographic Information Systems Coordinate systems and projections Representation of Spatial Data Data Types Raster Data Vector Data Map Projections Spatial Data Input Data conversion Editing Spatial Data Data Attributes Fundamentals and Applications of GPS Generating and Interpreting Elevation Data Watershed Delineation and Analysis Spatial Data Models Spatial Interpolation Triangulation Theissen Polygons Inverse Distance Weighted Radial Basis Function Global Polynomial Kriging Future trends in GIS Web-based GIS 3-D visualization (Geowall applications)

7. Getting Started with ArcGIS Kang-tsung Chang, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ESRI, ArcGIS Desktop ESRI, ArcGIS Extensions

8. Hands on Exercises • Geology, hydrology, and landforms of Michigan • Assessment of groundwater resources in arid lands • GPS applications (Asylum Lake) • Land Use and Land Cover Change of the Mesopotamian marshlands • Origin and evolution of groundwater in the Arabian Peninsula • Development of a web-based GIS • Evaluation of Seismic risk • Creating geoprocessing tools

9. Projects - (2/3 weeks) • The last 2/3 weeks will be spent on a project. Groups of 3 students will work on a single project. Graduate students will be encouraged to apply the gained expertise to their ongoing research. • This should be the fun part and each of you will generate a product that can be “graded”. This is preferably a (part of) your thesis/dissertation project or some other project that you are committed to and have use for outside of our class. We have lots of projects laying around if you have no project in mind.

10. Your Responsibility A written abstract/prospectus for the project before semester break. This will include the objective of your project, location, data, and analysis techniques, along with a description of the anticipated final product. We will also ask that you present an introduction to the project (before semester break if possible) in class in power point format. The final project presentation near the end of the semester will be in power point format and a report will be required.

11. Grading • Lab exercises: 60% • Mid term: 10% • Project: 20% • Final Exam: 10% • N.B: Expectations are higher for graduate students

12. Questions?

13. GIS A Computer System for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced data (geospatial data, geographically referenced data)

14. Three Views for a GIS The geodatabase view: A GIS is a spatial database containing datasets with geographic attributes

15. The geovisualization view A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views that show features and feature relationships on the earth’s surface. Continue

16. The geoprocessing view: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions take information from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write results into newly derived datasets. Continue

17. ArcGIS • ArcGIS provides a framework for implementing • GIS for a single user or many users on desktops, in servers, • over the Web, and in the field. • ArcGIS is an integrated collection of GIS software products for building a complete GIS.

18. Building Blocks of ArcGIS ArcGIS Desktop—An integrated suite of professional GIS applications ArcGIS Engine—Embeddable developer components for building custom GIS applications Server GIS—ArcSDE®, ArcIMS®, and ArcGIS Server Mobile GIS—ArcPad® ArcGIS is based on ArcObjects™, a common, modular library of shared GIS software components.

19. Desktop ArcGIS Components • ArcMap • ArcCatalog • ArcToolbox • Optional Extensions • 3D Analyst • Spatial Analyst • Geostatistical Analyst

20. ArcMap Central application in ArcGIS Desktop for all map-based tasks including cartography, map analysis, and editing.

21. Display, create and interact with maps I - ArcMap

22. You can query your spatial data to find and understand relationships among geographic features. Continue

23. You can symbolize your data in a wide variety of ways. Continue

24. II - ArcCatalog Helps users organize and manage geographic information (maps, models, metadata) • Create and Manage Files • Define, build, export, import geodatabases • Connect to internet services • Record, view, and manage metadata

25. III – ArcToolbox • Data Management (import and export data) • Data conversion (one format to another) • Cartography • Manage Databases • Manipulate Vector and Raster Data • Manage Tables • Statistical analysis

26. IV- 3-D Analyst With ArcGIS 3D Analyst, users can: • view a surface from multiple viewpoints, • determine what is visible from a chosen location on a surface • create a realistic perspective image by draping raster and vector data over a surface.

27. Users can create, query, map, and analyze cell-based raster data, derive information about their data, identify spatial relationships. – Contouring Data – Raster Calculations (GRID functions) V – Spatial Analyst

28. Provides statistical tools for analyzing and mapping continuous data and for surface generation. trends, level of spatial autocorrelation, and variation among multiple datasets. VI - Geostatistical Analyst

29. Help • Most functions are documented in the online help • Help menus are easy to use and fairly complete • http://www.esri.com offers additional help

30. Geographic Data Models • Vector Models • Topological • Non topological • Raster Models • Tin Models

31. Vector Data Representation : Uses X,Y coordinates and points to represent spatial features Raster Data Representation uses grid (rows, columns) to represent variations Vector versus Raster

32. Points are pairs of x,y coordinates. Lines are sets of coordinates that define a shape. Polygons are sets of coordinates defining boundaries that enclose areas. I - Vector model: Points, Lines, Polygons

33. Topological vector: Expresses spatial relationships (e.g., two lines meeting at a point) Simple and compact data storage Display quickly Difficult to find and fix errors Method of choice when need a “simple map” Example Coverage Nontopological vector Does not More complicated and less compact data storage Not as quickly Can “clean up” maps easily. Method of choice when need “smart map” Example: Shapefile Vector

34. Building Topology: Arcs

35. Building Topology - Areas

36. Spatial features in a GIS usually have associated data called “attributes” Attribute data describe characteristics of spatial features Attributes

37. Features Attributes - Vector • Attributes associated with each feature are stored in data tables

38. World is represented as a surface that is divided into a regular grid of cells A 2-D matrix with values for each cell Data are divided into rows and columns Location is a function of the structure (i.e. size of each cell). II - Raster

39. Continue X,Y coordinates of at least one corner of the raster are known, so they can be located in geographic space

40. Elevation Continue Raster models are useful for storing and analyzing data that is continuous across an area.

41. Continue Grids can also be created by converting vector data

42. Continue They can also store categories, such as for vegetation types

43. Attributes - Raster • Grids storing categorical information can store additional attributes about each category • Unlike vectors where attribute is stored for each feature, here for each category a numeric code, the name of the vegetation type, a habitat suitability rating for certain wildlife species, and a general type code.

44. III – TIN Model • In a triangulated irregular network model, the world is represented as a network of linked triangles drawn between irregularly spaced points with x-, y-, and z-values. • TINs are an efficient way to store and analyze surfaces. • Heterogeneous surfaces that vary sharply in some areas and less in others can be modeled more accurately, in a given volume of data, with a triangulated surface than with a raster.