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Nationalistic Movements in 19th Century Europe

Dive into the impact of key events like the Crimean War, Austrian-Prussian conflict, Italian unification, and German reunification. Discover the roles of leaders like Otto Von Bismarck and Garibaldi in shaping Europe's nationalist movements. Explore how Russia, Austria, Ottoman Empire, Italy, and Germany navigated the complexities of national identity and power struggles.

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Nationalistic Movements in 19th Century Europe

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  1. Friday 12/3/10 Warm-up: Was the election of Louis-Napoleon a victory for the radicals? Explain your opinion. -Monday 12/6: Quiz on Nationalism NOTES!!! So pay attention! Notes will be posted online!

  2. What did the Russians do? • In1853, to go to war…Czar Nicholas I wanted to expand empire…threatens Ottoman Turk Empire-Crimean War • Lack of industry….causes LOSS! • Nicholas’ son…Alexander II…moves Russia out of old age and modernizes

  3. Alexander’s Reforms • 1861 free serfs …but…still tied to land that was split up and “given” (49 yrs. To pay debt) to peasant communities • Alexander II ASSASSINATED! 1881 • Alexander III • Nationalistic competition led drive for industrialization

  4. Types of Nationalistic Movements

  5. AUSTRIA • Empire made of- • Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles and Italians • 1866-Prussia defeats Austria in Austro-Prussian War • Prussian win control of newly formed North German Confederation (union of Prussia & 21 smaller German political units)! • Hungarians push- Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria splits empire in two-Austro-Hungary Empire…hangs out until AFTER WWI

  6. Back to RUSSIA!!! • Made of many ethnic groups-Jews, Latvians, Poles & Romanians to name a few • Romanov MUST keep Control!!! • New policy…Russification-forced Russian culture on ALL peeps! • After WWI…Russian czar gives up power 1917.

  7. What about those Ottomans? • Controlled-Greeks, Arabs, Bulgarians… • 1856-Brits and French pushed for equality in Otts’ Empire • Conservative Turks angered…killed some deported Armenians (1894-1896) • Broke up after WWI too!

  8. Italy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Italy forms from crumbs! 1815-1848 • Piedmont-Sardinia: largest, liberal constitutional state • 1852- Sardinia King, Victor Emmanuel II • Count Camillodi CAVOUR-Prime Minister

  9. CAVOUR • Skilled diplomat, used alliance • Wanted to expand P-S power • Roadblock was AUSTRIA! • 1858-Nap. III helped Cavour win provoked! War w/ Austria-gained North Italy….except Venetia

  10. Garibaldi Unites! • Leader of Southern Nationalist rebels-Red Shirts!!! • 1860-captured Sicily • Allowed all of Italy to unite under Emmanuel • 1866-Venetia joins Italy • 1870-Papal states joined Italy-Pope still owned Vatican City-Rome became capital

  11. Germany Unites!!! • 1815-Autrian Empire dominates the confederation • Prussia-ready to UNIFY all German states • Advantages- • mainly German population • nationalism unified it • most powerful army in central Europe • Has liberal constitution

  12. Otto Von Bismarck!!! • 1861-Wilhelm I wanted $ from bigger army…liberals refused…Wilhelm didn’t like not having authority…so picks a JUNKER (Prussian conservatives, wealthy land-owners) • 1862-Otto Von Bismarck is made Prime Minister • O.V.B.-a Realpolitik: tough power politics…no room for idealism

  13. Otto Von Bismarck • Rule without parliament’s approval…king okayed it • VIOLATED the constitution! • Told Prussian Parliament… “ It is not by means of speeches and majority resolutions that the great issues of the day will be decided- that was the great mistake of 1848-1849- but by blood and iron.”

  14. Types of Nationalistic Movements

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