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VIII. And the Blood Pours

VIII. And the Blood Pours. A. Road to 2 nd Manassas. Lincoln reshuffles the army In July 1862, Henry Halleck is appointed the new General-in-Chief Combines the armies of Banks, McDowell, and Freemont into the army of Virginia (Gen. Pope commanding) Lee takes a chance Divides the army

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VIII. And the Blood Pours

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  1. VIII. And the Blood Pours

  2. A. Road to 2nd Manassas • Lincoln reshuffles the army • In July 1862, Henry Halleck is appointed the new General-in-Chief • Combines the armies of Banks, McDowell, and Freemont into the army of Virginia (Gen. Pope commanding) • Lee takes a chance • Divides the army • Sends half of his army, under Jackson, around Bull Run Mt. and in behind Pope’s army • Lee and Gen. James Longstreet keep Pope occupied

  3. B. 2nd Battle of Manassas Day 1 • Jackson Marches 60 miles in 2 days to pilfer Pope’s supplies- burn the rest at Manassas Junction • Jackson moves to Centerville • Pope dispatches Union forces under Generals Heintzelman and Reno to pursueJackson • Expecting reinforcements, Jackson makes a stand at Groveton • Jackson attacksUnion forcesat Browner’s Farm 6 & 7) Sigel & Porter converge onJackson 8) Pope hasJacksoncornered, but Longstreet arrives

  4. Day 2 • Pope attacks,Jackson holds his ground • Longstreet surprisesPopewith a massive artillery barrage onthe Union left flank 3 & 4) Longstreet slamsthe Union left flankand captures Bald Hill • Union forces form a defensive line on Henry House Hill • Jackson strikes hard onthe Union right flank • Pope orders a retreat to Centerville

  5. General John Pope 70,000 14,154 casualties Robert E. Lee 55,000 8,397 casualties CSA Victory C. Captain’s Report

  6. D. Road to Antietam • Lee invades the north • Crosses over the Potomac in Maryland • CSA is on the offensive • CSA high water mark- this is the closest the CSA come to winning the war • South has the advantage in both the east & the west • Braxton Bragg replaces the ill Beauregard as overall commander in the west • Good friend of Jeff Davis • Great Britain was on the verge of recognizing the CSA. They waited to see how Lee would do with his invasion

  7. E. Special Order 191 • The order laid out the entire plan of attack for the CSA army • Lee sent copies to his commanders • Jackson had it copied and sent it to his subordinates • D.H. Hill’s copy was wrapped around 3 cigars and left at a campsite in Frederick, MD • Special Order 191was discovered by Cpl. Barton W. Mitchell of the 27th IN • Orders were sent straight to McClellan • McClellan now had the power to end the war in the next 24 hours • He did nothing for 16 hours

  8. JEB Stuart informed Lee of the missing orders andMcClellan’s inactionallowed Lee to make adjustments • Lee shifted his army to the nearby town of Sharpsburg, MD • Jackson had already been sent to capture Harper’s Ferry & rejoin Lee at Sharpsburg

  9. F. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) • Gen. Joseph Hooker’s I Corps attackJacksonat Miller’s Cornfield • Mansfield’s XII Corps advance on theCSAat the Dunker Church • CSA repulseMansfield • Sumner advances his men in the west woods whereCSA forces turnthemback • Union attackCSA at the sunken road • AKA “Bloody Lane” • 2200 casualties in 20 minutes • 5,600 casualties in 4 hours

  10. Dunker Church Bloody Lane

  11. Gen. Ambrose Burnside wastes 3 vital hours trying to cross Antietam Creek (Burnside’s Bridge) • Gen. Rodman finally crosses down stream as Burnside joins him to attackLongstreet’s menon the south flank • A.P. Hill arrives from Harper’s Ferry to save the CSA from complete annihilation

  12. Burnside’s Bridge

  13. George B. McClellan 70,000 12,410 casualties Robert E. Lee 38,000 13,724 casualties G. Captain’s Report Draw The Bloodiest Single Day of the War

  14. H. Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln decided that he needed to issue a proclamation to free the slaves • He decided that he would only free the slaves in thestates of rebellion • WHY? • Lincoln needed a victory to legitimize his proclamation- Antietam would have to do • Issued Sept. 26, 1862, and took effect Jan. 1, 1863 • The proclamation accomplished two things • Changed the focus of the war to slavery • Prevented British intervention on behalf of theCSA

  15. I. CSA Advances in the West • After Halleck takes command in Washington DC, he establishes 2 major western armies • Army of the Tennessee (Grant) • Army of the Cumberland (Buell) • Bragg now moves into Kentucky and seizes Richmond • Bragg, however, allowsBuell to get in between him and theOhio Riverresulting in the Battle of Perryville • During the battle, neither Buell nor Bragg know what is going on until the battle is over- the Union win a decisive victory thanks to Gen. Phillip Sheridan

  16. J. Aftermath of the Invasion • With Lee’s army heading back across the Potomac after Sharpsburg, the North must act quickly to destroy theCSA • McClellan instead waited 6 weeks to cross the Potomac and advance onLee- McClellan is at last removed from command • Replacing McClellan is Ambrose Burnside • He is very reluctant • Has a one-track mind • General William S. Rosecrans replaces Buell in the west

  17. Burnside will prove to be the next in a long line of inept Union generals • Burnside reorganizes the army into Grand Divisions- this causes utter confusion throughout the ranks • The Union will establish 3 armies with 3 objectives • Army of the Potomac (Burnside) - Lee in Virginia • Army of the Cumberland (Rosecrans) • Bragg south of Nashville • Army of the Tennessee (Grant) - Gen. John C. Pemberton in Vicksburg

  18. K. Fredericksburg • Burnside sets up camp along the banks of the Rappahannock River • Burnside needs to cross the river to catchLee without his full force • Burnside decides to wait for pontoon bridges to cross the river • Bridges arrive late • Burnside loses a fortnight • In the meantime, Jackson and Longstreet join Lee to form a 7 mile front with 75,000 men

  19. L. Battle of Fredericksburg • Under sniper fire, engineers struggle to assemble the pontoon bridges • The lower bridges are completed • Gen. Franklin attacksCSA right flank. Gen. Pelham’s artillery holds for 2 hours • Gen. George Meade’s attack is initially successful, butCSA counterattacksdrive him back • Gen. Sumner is ordered to launch wave after wave up Marye’s Heights. Sumner’s men are massacred. Burnside retreats back across the Rappahannock

  20. Sumner 2 Longstreet 5 1 Meade 4 3 Jackson

  21. Ambrose Burnside 120,000 12,653 casualties Robert E. Lee 75,000 5,309 casualties M. Captain’s Report CSA Victory

  22. N. Murfreesboro • Typical winter soldier movement • Moved very little WHY? • Established winter camps • Strategic • Accessible • Easily Defensible • Contains resources • Bragg set up winter camp at Murfreesboro • Major rail junction • Rosecrans moves into Murfreesboro to facethe Army of Tennessee

  23. O. Battle of Murfreesboro (Stones River) • At dawn, Bragg launches his attack at Widow Smith House- turning theUnion right flank • Gen. Phillip Sheridan holds offCSA attacksuntil he runs out of ammunition • Gen. George H. Thomas forms a new defensive line at a right angle to the old one • Col. Hazen’s artillery hold their position • Day 1 ends with the Union forming a salient around Rosecrans HQ • Gen. John C. Breckinridge attacks in open field and is attacked byUnion artillery • Union cross the river and stop theCSA advance

  24. William S. Rosecrans 41,000 12,906 casualties Braxton Bragg 35,000 11,739 casualties P. Captain’s Report Draw

  25. Rosecrans 3 Thomas 4 Sheridan Thomas 1 2 Polk Hardee Bragg

  26. Q. Chancellorsville • Union changes commanders • “Fighting” Joe Hooker • Hard living/Hard drinking • Aggressive & Arrogant • Hooker plan • Leave 2 corps in Fredericksburg to challengeLee’s army • 3 corps would move aroundLee’s left and rear • Cavalry would perform raids and cutCSA lines of communication • Lee responds by not taking the bait & uses the cavalry to screen his position

  27. R. Battle of Chancellorsville • Lee divides his army • Leaves 15,000 in Fredericksburg • Takes 45,000 to Chancellorsville • Gives Stonewall 26,000 to execute a flank march • Jackson begins his 13 mile flank march aroundthe Union • Lee distractsHooker with small diversionary attacks • Jackson arrives onthe Union flankat 6pm • Jackson orders an all-out assault on a surprisedGen. O.O. Howard’s XI corps

  28. 5. XI corps make a final stand at Wilderness Church to buy some time • Gen. Dan Sickles retreats to Hazel Grove and repelsCSA advances • Sickles is aided by Union artillery at Fariview Cemetery- Union retreats as darknesshalts CSA advances for the day • At 9:30pm, Jackson goes out on a scouting mission. He and his group are mistaken forUnion cavalry.His own men shoot and wound Jackson in the left arm. He dies on May 10 from pneumonia- His last words were: “Let us cross over the river and rest beneath the shade of the trees.”

  29. Joseph Hooker 134,000 16,792 casualties Robert E. Lee 60,000 12,763 casualties + Stonewall Jackson S. Captain’s Report CSA Victory

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