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ME321 – Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Design Process Notes (Continued)

ME321 – Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Design Process Notes (Continued). Steve Lambert Mechanical Engineering, U of Waterloo. Design Process. Preliminary Design – Product planning and clarifying the task (needs analysis), Conceptual design, Embodiment (layout) design, and

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ME321 – Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Design Process Notes (Continued)

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  1. ME321 – Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Design Process Notes (Continued) Steve Lambert Mechanical Engineering, U of Waterloo

  2. Design Process • Preliminary Design – Product planning and clarifying the task (needs analysis), • Conceptual design, • Embodiment (layout) design, and • Detail (systems) design.

  3. Conceptual Design • Identify a number, usually 3, of conceptually different, viable solutions to satisfy the need • In order to be conceptually different, proposed solutions should be based on different physical principles • Each concept is refined to a sufficient level of detail to allow a fair evaluation of each concept so that the best one may be chosen • This is often difficult

  4. Creating Alternative Solutions • Copy other products – this is also useful to establish a baseline • Refine existing products – change scale, place in parallel or serial, etc. • Combine various existing elements • Inversion – ex., piezoelectric crystal

  5. Stimulating Creativity • Trial and error • Brainstorming • Analogy • Empathy • Morphological approach (parallel) – consider many solutions simultaneously • Systematic approach (serial) – subdivide the problem and solve separately

  6. Morphological Box

  7. Design Selection • Designs are selected based on their fit with design criteria • Selection process can be either quantitative or qualitative • The advantage of a quantitative scheme is that it can accommodate different priorities in your criteria through different weighting factors • The advantage of a qualitative scheme (+, -, or same as a reference solution) is that it does not accommodate different priorities numerically so that the designer is forced to argue each case as a whole

  8. Quantitative Design Selection

  9. Qualitative Design Selection

  10. Embodiment (Layout) Design • Takes design from the concept stage (sketch) to a layout drawing, which includes material specifications and geometry • Physical sizing and selection of specific components is done at this stage • This stage involves more detailed design calculations, required to select materials and geometry

  11. Embodiment Design Principles • Separate functions • Provide a direct and short transmission path • Do not over-constrain a component, but provide sufficient constraint • Match impedance or eliminate gradients • Provide functional symmetry • Design for self-help • Design for fail-safe

  12. Detail Design • Involves the individual design or specification of components such as beams, trusses, connections, shafts, bearings, etc • Often requires detailed analysis of your component and/or assembly using FEM or CFD, for example • Often involves the production and testing of physical or software (solid model) prototypes • Testing is intended to identify possible problems before production • Changes to the basic configuration should not occur at this stage, only a refinement

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