INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS

1. INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS WHY STUDY ETHICS?

2. “Flowing beneath every human action is the current of ethical significance.” The very same questions that have plagued philosophers for centuries are some of the same questions facing each of us in our daily lives. The answers to ethical questions can’t be found in a book or be memorized. It is only through truth-seeking and careful examination of actions, reactions, and reasons for actions that we can begin to understand and successfully deal with ethical issues. We can’t escape logical examination in the pursuit of this truth. What lies beneath our decisions? What are our ethics made of?

3. WHAT IS ETHICS? • The word ETHICS comes from the Greek word ETHOS meaning CHARACTER. • Ethics is • 1. The study of standards of right and wrong • 2. the part of philosophy dealing with moral conduct, duty and judgment

4. Ask yourself: • Ask yourself: • What do you believe about treating others with respect? • What do you think about stealing? • What do you think about cheating? • Do you practice what you preach and/or honestly believe? • Are your beliefs reasonable? • Are they morally sound? • Do they and or will they survive moral argument?

5. Moral vs. Ethical • The term Moral is basically the same as Ethical. • Moral is from the Latin word mores. • Ethical from the Greek word ethos. • The two words refer to behavior. • Ethics deals with the study of right and wrong, Morality with the doing of right and wrong.

6. Ethical Theory in Western Civilization • For western civilization, there are two major influences on ethical thinking • Greek tradition: • Concerned with leading the “good life” • Concerned with the nature of happiness • What is a happy life? • How does one achieve a happy life? • Judeo-Christian tradition: • Concerned with duty before God • Concerned with doing what is “right” before God. • Love of God and love of neighbor are at the heart of morality

7. CLASS PURPOSE • The purpose of this class is to give you moral autonomy. • The ability to reason for oneself without passive adherence to societal or social conventions. • Not to be automatons • Succumbing to parents, tradition or peer pressure and not making one’s own decisions.

8. To obtain moral autonomy one must: • Identify moral problems • Create moral possibilities to solve the problems • Weigh all the different options • Clearly state the problem and the solutions • Be knowledgeable about differing customs • This will ensure a morally responsible conclusion

9. Ethical Perspective • Systematic questioning and critical examination of the underlying principles of morality • Like moralist and casuists wants to establish norms for behavior - regulatory • BUT also calls for examination of principles – deliberative • Example: • Where did the idea that cheating is wrong come from? • Should cheating always be considered wrong, or are these instances where cheating would be justified for certain individuals?

10. Fours Aims of Philosophical Ethics 1. Clarity (of important moral issues) 2. Comprehensive perspective • Understanding relationship between moral ideas and their part in our lives 3. Critical assessment • Testing the truth of moral claims- question the ethics involved 4. Moral guidance • How should we act?