1 / 25

Aquatic Life - Vertebrate Animals

Aquatic Life - Vertebrate Animals. In this unit we will discuss characteristics of aquatic animals categorized as vertebrates (animals with backbones) beginning with fish. Summaries = Purple Underlined = Vocabulary. Photo Credit: Ken Knezick - Island Dreams Image.

jemima
Download Presentation

Aquatic Life - Vertebrate Animals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Aquatic Life - Vertebrate Animals • In this unit we will discuss characteristics of aquatic animals categorized as vertebrates (animals with backbones) beginning with fish. • Summaries = Purple • Underlined = Vocabulary Photo Credit: Ken Knezick - Island Dreams Image

  2. Chordate Characteristics • At some stage in their development, all chordates share four main characteristics… • A dorsal, hollow nerve cord will later connect the brain to the rest of the body (internal organs, muscles, and sense organs in advanced organisms). • The notochord is a long supporting rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord (it will be replaced by the backbone in advanced vertebrates). http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18559/18559-h/images/figure30.jpg

  3. Nerve Cord/Notochord http://www.theamericanchiropractor.com/images/block-vertebra.jpg • The nerve cord becomes the spinal cord. • The notocord becomes your backbone. • Think about how your brain communicates to the body; through the nerve cord. • If that is cut, then an organism is paralyzed! (Your spinal cord runs here) http://www.umm.edu/spinecenter/education/images/vertebra.jpg

  4. Pharyngeal pouches are found in the throat region and will develop into gills or other structures such as jaws or inner ear in some organisms. A tail is retained (kept) by most chordates throughout their lives. Humans go through a stage in as a fetus where we have a tail for about two weeks. Chordate Characteristics Cont. http://www.biologycorner.com/bio2/notes33.html

  5. Human fetus early in gestation (after sperm and egg unite) at about 2 – 4 weeks. • Sometimes the human is born with the tail and doctors will just remove it with a laser and cut it off. http://www.chanceandchoice.com/ChanceandChoice/38daysheart.jpg

  6. Traits of All Chordates • Sketch & Label http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/physiol/c34x2chordates.jpg

  7. Introduction to Vertebrates • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Subphylum Vertebrata (animals that have backbones) • 2 subphylums of non-vertebrate chordates that do not have backbones () 1. Subphylum Urochordates - Tunicates (sea squirts) 2. Subphylum Cephalochordata (lancelets)

  8. Scientists believe that vertebrates evolved from ancient marine organisms like tunicates and lancelets. These chordates are soft bodied marine organisms; they have a nerve cord but NOT a backbone. Tunicates are filter feeding; go through a youth larval stage before their adult stage (below). Tunicates http://www.aboututila.com/Reviews/Charlie-Johnson/Photos/Bluebell-Tunicates.jpg

  9. Lancelets • Lancelets are small, fish like creatures that live on the ocean floor. • They have a closed circulatory system (blood vessels), but no true heart and are thin enough that they filter oxygen straight through their skin. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.png/180px-Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.png

  10. Subphylum Vertebrata • Members of subphylum vertebrata have an endoskeleton (an internal skeleton) which can support large body and grows as the animal grows. • The skeleton includes a backbone which is a series of bones known as vertebrae that surround and protect the spinal (nerve) cord • Vertebrates have a distinct skull attached to the end of the backbone. • Vertebrates also have a well developed brain and sensory organs located in the skull (Cephalization).

  11. http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/brainevolution.gifhttp://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/brainevolution.gif

  12. Timeline - Vertebrate Evolution

  13. Characteristics: Temperature • Vertebrates adapted into 2 different ways to regulate body temperature. • Ectotherms have a body temperature that matches theexternal environment. • ecto = outside and therm = heat • EX fish, amphibians and reptiles • Endotherms can maintain a constant internal body temperature (using energy and adaptations such as hair and fat layers). • Endotherms, therefore require more food than an ectotherm. • endo = inside • birds and mammals http://www.zum.de/Faecher/Materialien/beck/bilder/wechsel.jpg

  14. Characteristics: Circulation • Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system. • This means that all blood flow is contained within blood vessels. • They also have a multi-chambered heart pumps oxygen and nutrients to the body.

  15. Characteristics: Reproduction • Oviparous – eggs hatch outside the mother’s body and the yolk provides nourishment • EX chickens, turtles • Ovoviviparous – eggs are held inside and hatch in the mother’s body and then young are born alive; yolk = nourishment • EX sharks • Viviparous – young develop inside mother’s body and gets nourishment from the mother • EX humans, dolphins http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/451/photos/dogfish_embryo_ventral.jpg

  16. Fish - Reproduction • Fish can have internal or external fertilization to reproduce. • Fish produce many more eggs (oviparous) than the environment can support. • Only the fastest, strongest and best are adapted survive. http://www.ufz.de/data/5460

  17. Fish - Excretion • Fish get rid of waste products in the form of ammonia. • Fish use a stomach, intestines, and kidneys to filter the wastes from the blood which then is excreted through the anus. http://www.infovisual.info/02/033_en.html

  18. Introduction to Fish • Our first group of vertebrates that we will discuss will be fish - covered by more than two-thirds of water, Earth displays a huge variety of fish. • Fish (not “fishes”) are aquatic organisms that can survive only in water. http://www.noeticart.com/clipart/GreenAngler.jpg http://www.mikelevin.com/ColorfulFishBig.jpg

  19. Jawless Fish • Class Agnathans • As their name implies, these fish have no true teeth or jaws. • Lack paired fins and are shaped more like worms than other fish. • These are the only vertebrates to retain (keep) a notochord throughout their life. • Lampreys – parasites that feed on host’s body fluids; have no paired fins • Hagfish – scavengers http://www.zoo.ufl.edu/courses/vertzoo/Images/Bonyfishlab2/Lamprey.jpg http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11415707/Hagfish.jpg

  20. Sharks & Rays • Class Chondrichthyes • This group of fish includes sharks and their relatives sting rays. • Their skeletons made of flexible cartilage(like our noses) with tooth-like scales covering skin that feel like sandpaper. • They have stiff fins and their gills do not have covers. • These fish are adapted to deep-sea life. • Some are carnivores while others are filter feeders. • Internal fertilization with live birth. (ovoviviparous ). http://www.globaljourneysmusic.com/club%20pictures/aqwa%20-%2004_07_04/images/14%20cool%20sting%20ray.jpg http://www.tahiti.pictures-pacific.com/bora-bora/shark.jpg

  21. Bony Fish • Class Osteichthyes • These fish have skeletons made of a calcified tissue called bone. • In many fish, the female lays the eggs and the embryos in the eggs develop and hatch outside her body (oviparous). • These eggs are soft-shelled eggs. • Flexible fins are used for movement. http://www.emill.com/emill_dynamic/image6in/puffer_fish.jpg

  22. Bony Fish Subclasses – Ray-finned • Ray-finned fish(the largest, most diverse group) are so called because of the thin bony spines, or rays, that help to form the fins. • Ray-finned fish have adapted to every kind of aquatic environment and evolved into thousands of species. http://www.horsehomeopathy.com/images/beta-fish.jpg http://www.goals.com/WorldDiveQuest/Pics/Maldives/lionfish.jpg

  23. Fish - Adaptations for Water • Fish are characterized by overlapping scalesthat cover the skin to provide protection. • These scales are coated in a slippery mucus to reduce friction in the water and help them to swim faster. • Fish have paired fins to help steer and provide stability in the water (movement). • Fish have an internal swim bladderto allow them to move up or down in the wateror remain at a given depth. • Think of it as a thin balloon-like sac; with air the fish goes up in the water, without air the fish sinks (not found in sharks). http://www3.telus.net/kerryw/creature/fish.jpg

  24. http://www.kentuckylake.com/fishing/fishfacts/pics/ext-anat.jpghttp://www.kentuckylake.com/fishing/fishfacts/pics/ext-anat.jpg

  25. Cont. Adaptations for Water • The lateral line system is a sense organ that detects vibrations and changes in the water pressure and alerts fish to movement of other organisms in the water. • Fusiform shapeallows a fish to move through the water effectively; fish are tapered at both ends to increase speed through the water. http://www.hatchesmagazine.com/images/12806.04.01.jpg

More Related