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Understanding Matter: Properties and Changes

Learn about extensive and intensive properties of matter, physical and chemical changes, chemical reactions, and conservation of mass. Discover how to recognize chemical changes and properties of compounds. Dive into the fascinating world of matter!

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Understanding Matter: Properties and Changes

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  1. Describing Matter • Properties used to describe matter can be classified as: • Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in the sample - Mass, volume, calories are examples • Intensive – depends on the type of matter, not the amount present - Hardness, Boiling Point, density

  2. Physical vs. Chemical Change • Physical change will change the visible appearance, without changing the composition of the material. • Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crack • Is boiled water still water? • Can be reversible, or irreversible

  3. Physical vs. Chemical Change • Chemical change - a change where a new form of matter is formed. • Rust, burn, decompose, ferment

  4. Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. Heat and light are often evidence of a chemical change.

  5. Chemical Changes • The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is called a chemical property. • iron plus oxygen forms rust, so the ability to rust is a chemical property of iron • During a chemical change (also called chemical reaction), the composition of matter always changes.

  6. Chemical Reactions are… • When one or more substances are changed into new substances. • Reactants- the stuff you start with • Products- what you make • The products will have NEW PROPERTIES different from the reactants you started with • Arrow points from the reactants to the new products

  7. Properties of Compounds • Products have different properties than their component elements. • Due to a CHEMICAL CHANGE, the resulting compound has new and different properties: • Table sugar – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • Sodium chloride – sodium, chlorine • Water – hydrogen, oxygen

  8. Recognizing Chemical Changes • Energy is absorbed or released (temperature changes hotter or colder) • Color changes • Gas production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke) • formation of aprecipitate- a solid that separates from solution (won’t dissolve) • Irreversibility- not easily reversed But, there are examples of these that are not chemical – boiling water bubbles, etc.

  9. Conservation of Mass • During any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants. • All the mass can be accounted for: • Burning of wood results in products that appear to have less mass as ashes; where is the rest? • Law of conservation of mass

  10. 43.43 g Original mass = 43.43 g Final mass reactants = product

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