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Development of an Autonomous Signature Verification Device

The project aims to develop a high-quality, reliable device capable of verifying both static and dynamic signatures for various applications. Participants include the Institute of Graphology, Hexium Ltd., and Budapest Polytechnic. The device is intended for use in money transfer, bank operations, criminalistic and governmental applications, record offices, and contract verification. The consortium members focus on research, education, and consulting in graphology, security, and image processing. Project phases include preparation, algorithm development, hardware implementation, and testing. Preliminary results show reliable digital signature acquisition and analyzing algorithms with specific database structures. Challenges include limited sample learning and rejection of forgeries, with promising false acceptance and rejection rates.

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Development of an Autonomous Signature Verification Device

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  1. Development of an Autonomous,Reliable, High Quality Signature Verification Device • Institute of Graphology, Ltd. • Hexium Ltd. • Budapest Polytechnic, John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  2. Table of contents • Project goals • Participants • Preliminary results IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  3. Signature verification – project goals • Develop a device prototype device: • Capable of verifying signatures of individuals • High precision, reliable • Compact, autonomous device • Can be used to verify both static (“off-line verification”) and dynamic (on-line) signatures IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  4. Applications • Money transfer • Other bank operations • Bank card purchases, check redemption • Criminalistic applications • Governmental applications • Record office • Verifying signatures on contracts • Jurisdiction processes • Supporting the work of graphology experts IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  5. Members of the consortium • Institute of Graphology, Ltd.(Dr. Tamás Agárdi) • Hexium Ltd.(Dr. Tamás Nagy) • Budapest Polytechnic John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics(Dr. László Kutor) IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  6. Institute of Graphology, Ltd. • Activities: research, education, consulting • Topics: character analysis, vocational guidance, lie detection by graphological means, handwriting analysis, identification • Contact information:1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út 20-22. Telephone: +36 1 201-5568Tel/Fax: +36 1 201-5569, 355-8193E-mail: grafint@matavnet.hu WWW: www.grafint.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  7. Hexium Ltd. • Activities: research, development, production (hardware, software) • Topics: security, image processing, industrial measurement and process control • Contact information:1134 Budapest, Váci út 51/bTelephone: +36 1 320-8338Telefax: +36 1 340-8072E-mail: mail@hexium.hu tamas.nagy@hexium.huWWW: www.hexium.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  8. Budapest Polytechnic John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics • Activities: Informatics education, research, development • Topics: Signal processing, biometrics, classification • Contact information: • 1034 Budapest • Nagyszombat u. 19. • Telephone: +36 1 3684 610 • Telefax: +36 1 3689 632 • E-mai: lkutor@nik.bmf.hu • WWW: www.nik.bmf.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  9. Project Phases • Phase 1: -March, 2002Preparation, specifications • Phase 2: -January 2003 Corpus and algorithm development • Phase 3: -March 30, 2003 Hardware, demo • Phase 4: -June 30, 2003 Demo test, documentation IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  10. Preliminary Results • Results on dynamic (digitized) signatures • Reliable digital signature acquisition • Signature analyzing algorithms • Signature database IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  11. Calibrated dynamic signature measurement Linearity Pressure Pen angle IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  12. Calculated dynamic signature features Measured features: - XY coordinates - pressure - pen angle Calculated features: - signature length data - duration data - time functions Velocity-, pressure-, pen angle functions v p d t t t IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  13. Signature database structures Development database Decision database Personal data Biometric profile Code Static sign. Dynamic sign. Calculated static feaures Calculated dynamic features IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  14. Preliminary Results • Results on static (scanned) signatures • Corpus • Algorithms IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  15. Corpus design, corpus properties Goal: Representativeness! • 2000 individuals • 15 min/person • 6 signatures for registration • 19 original (varying pen, size of region,..) • 6 forgeries/individual • (skilled, simple, random) • Balanced experiment design (many factors) Altogether: 40,000 signatures 15,000 pages 200 GB of disk space (compressed) IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  16. Automatic processing • Processing of forms • Processing empty A4sheets Example IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  17. Manual Cleaning Clean, large, high quality corpus IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  18. Development of the Signature Verification Algorithms • Generic scheme: IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  19. Challenges • The system must learn with a very limitedset of samples (6!).. • .. while rejectingforgeries • Solution: • Learn a good prior of signatures IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  20. Results • False rejection rate: 5% • False acceptance rate (simple forgeries): 0.27% • False acceptance rate (skilled forgeries): 18.99% • Verification time: <0.5second/signature on a PIII 1GHz • Memory requirements: <2MB (50KB/signature) IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  21. Detection-error tradeoff curves Skilled forgeries Simple forgeries IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  22. Comparisions [1] Sansone & Vento: “Signature Verification: Increasing Performance by a Multi-Stage System”, Pattern Analysis & Applications (2000)3:169–181 IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

  23. Contact Information 1126 Budapest, Böszörményi út 20-22. Telephone: +36 1 201-5568Tel/Fax: +36 1 201-5569, 355-8193E-mail: grafint@matavnet.huEdit Tóth, project leader WWW: www.grafint.hu IKTA-88/2001 Institute of Graphology, Hexium, BMF NIK

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