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Tim Stefanich - Environmental Engineer Sioux Falls Water Purification

What do I need to do to prepare?. Are you required to sample? All SW and GWUDI systems must sample. *E. coli results may trigger Cryptosporidium monitoring. If annual mean E. coli > 10 / 100 ml when using lake / reservoir then must sample for crypto. If annual mean E. coli > 50 / 100 ml when using flowing stream, then must sample for crypto. (SWM GM table 1-1).

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Tim Stefanich - Environmental Engineer Sioux Falls Water Purification

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    2. What do I need to do to prepare? Are you required to sample? All SW and GWUDI systems must sample

    3. What do I need to do to prepare? When do I begin to sample?

    4. What do I need to do to prepare? Obtain a copy of the rule (153 pages) Obtain EPA Guidance Manuals Surface Water Monitoring GM (151 pages) Microbial Laboratory GM (273 pages) Obtain list of EPA approved labs EPA Crypto and e-coli sampling pocket guide State Point of Contact – Mark Mayer http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/disinfection/lt2/ index.html

    5. Guidance Manuals Surface Water Monitoring GM Setting up contract for lab services Sampling location and schedule Collecting and shipping Grandfathering Reviewing and submitting data Microbial Laboratory GM Laboratory analysis methods How to receive laboratory approval

    6. Research Cryptosporidium Sampling / Testing Methods Method 1622 – Cryptosporidium in water Method 1623 – Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water LT2 Rule does not require monitoring for or reporting of results for analysis of Giardia. Little additional cost for Giardia analysis Sampling requirements are identical between methods Must use an EPA approved laboratory

    7. Research Sampling Procedures Collect and ship bulk water samples Sample size (10 – 50 liter) Shipping costs Extra cost for lab to filter sample Filter sample on-site and ship filter. Purchase own equipment? Rent equipment? Type of filter used? Suggest spare equipment and filters

    8. Filter Sample On-Site Two types of filters approved IDEXX Filta-Max Less expensive Separate filter and holder Tolerant to higher pressures (< 120 psi) Flow rate 3 – 4 L/min

    9. Filter Sample On-Site Envirochek or Envirochek HV More expensive (2X) Integrated filter and holder Less tolerant to higher pressure 30 psi for Envirochek 60 psi for Envirochek HV Higher flow rate for HV 2 L/min for Envirochek 4 L/min for Envirochek HV Some labs may be specific as to the type of filter used.

    10. Sample Size Minimum 10 Liter sample Highly turbid samples may require more than 1 filter to get minimum 10 liters. Recommend that sample size be consistent through the sampling period

    11. Sampling Frequency Matrix spikes Required at least every 20 field samples Used by lab to “spike” with Crypto, filter, and analyze to determine recovery within your source water. Allowed to pre-filter any sample over 10 liters and shipping filter and remaining 10 liters for “spiking” Sample taken same time or right before or after as regular crypto sample.

    12. Sample Collection Location Source water prior to any chemical addition, treatment, or addition of backwash water Multiple sources may require volume weighted samples Ex. Source A = 25% Source B = 75% Volume Weighted Sample (one 10L Sample) Volume A = 2.5 L Volume B = 7.5 L Yields 1 result and you pay for one sample Result weighted sample (pay for 2 analysis)

    13. Sampling Schedule Laboratory schedule will dictate your sampling schedule The sooner you select a lab and start sampling, the better date selection you will have Sampling schedule must be consistent from month to month. (Ex - 17th of each month) Sample must be collected within 2 days of date selected (Ex – 15th to 19th)

    14. Shipping Overnight Will shipper accept coolers? Do they charge extra for handling coolers? Do not allow contents to freeze Insulation between blue ice and filters or bulk sample Max temp < 20 C Do not forget the paperwork Datasheets Chain of custody record

    15. Results Turnaround time 10 to 15 days but check with lab Shorter TAT can lead to higher costs

    16. Sampling Equipment Selection 15 Liter Poly Carboy (2) ˝” – 5/8” dia. reinforced vinyl hoses Garden hose type quick disconnects

    17. Sampling Equipment Selection SHURflo diaphragm pump 1.7 gpm 95 psi max

    18. Sampling Equipment Selection Badger flow meter Gallons Totalizer

    19. Raw Water Sampling Sites 2 separate sources Surface water Chemical added and treated prior to mixing with groundwater Groundwater

    20. Sampler Setup

    21. Data Collection Sheet

    22. Finished Water Sampling

    23. Results (To be Grandfathered) 50 samples since Jan 20, 2004 Average volume collected – 10.5 L No detections (Detect limit Avg 9.78 / 100 L) E. Coli range < 1 to 200 colonies / 100 ml Turbidity range 2.4 - 24 NTU 3 Matrix spike samples Crypto recovery range 38.4 – 58 % Giardia recovery range 43.4 – 68.7 %

    24. Summary of all Results Big Sioux River (1994 to present) Only sample when on-line Cryptosporidium 2 detections Range from 17.2 – 100 cysts per 100 L Last detection Jan 2004 Giardia 6 detections Range from 4.9 – 83 cysts / 100 L Last detection Dec 2002

    25. Summary of All Results Raw Water (1994 – Present) Cryptosporidium 4 detections Range from 1 – 89 cysts per 100 L Last detection May, 1996 Giardia 9 detections Range from 9 – 333 cysts / 100 L Last detection Oct 2000 Finished Water (1994 – Present) No detections Average detection limit of 1.2 / 100 Liters

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