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Essential Database Management Fundamentals

Understand the characteristics, features, and architectures of databases, the roles within an organization, and how to manage data effectively. Explore data vs. information, database structures, nonprocedural access, application development, transaction processing, and the evolution of DBMS technology.

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Essential Database Management Fundamentals

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  1. Introduction to Database Management

  2. Outline • Database characteristics • DBMS features • Architectures • Organizational roles

  3. Initial Vocabulary • Data: raw facts about things and events • Information: transformed data that has value for decision making • Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance

  4. Database Characteristics • Persistent : stable storage • Shared : multiple users and uses • Interrelated : data stored as entities and relationships

  5. University Database

  6. Water Utility Database

  7. Database Management System (DBMS) • Collection of components that support data acquisition, dissemination, storage, maintenance, retrieval, and formatting • Enterprise DBMSs • Desktop DBMSs • Embedded DBMSs • Major part of information technology infrastructure

  8. Database Definition • Define database structure before using a database • Tables and relationships • SQL CREATE TABLE statement • Graphical tools

  9. University Database

  10. University Database (ERD)

  11. Nonprocedural Access • Query: request for data to answer a question • Indicate what parts of database to retrieve not the procedural details • Improve productivity and improve accessibility • SQL SELECT statement and graphical tools

  12. Graphical Tool for Nonprocedural Access

  13. Application Development • Form: formatted document for data entry and display • Report: formatted document for display • Use nonprocedural access to specify data requirements of forms and reports

  14. Sample Data Entry Form

  15. Sample Report

  16. Procedural Language Interface • Combine procedural language with nonprocedural access • Why • Batch processing • Customization and automation • Performance improvement

  17. Transaction Processing • Transaction: unit of work that should be reliably processed • Control simultaneous users • Recover from failures

  18. Database Technology Evolution

  19. DBMS Marketplace • Enterprise DBMS • Oracle: dominates in Unix; strong in Windows • SQL Server: strong in Windows • DB2: strong in mainframe environment • Significant open source DBMSs: MySQL, Firebird, PostgreSQL • Desktop DBMS • Access: dominates • FoxPro, Paradox, Approach, FileMaker Pro

  20. Data Independence • Software maintenance is a large part (50%) of information system budgets • Reduce impact of changes by separating database description from applications • Change database definition with minimal effect on applications that use the database

  21. Three Schema Architecture

  22. Differences among Levels • External • Forms • Reports • Conceptual • Tables • Internal • Files needed to store the tables • Extra files to improve performance

  23. Client-Server Architecture

  24. Organizational Roles

  25. Database Specialists • Database administrator (DBA) • More technical • DBMS specific skills • Data administrator • Less technical • Planning role

  26. Summary • Databases and database technology vital to modern organizations • Database technology supports daily operations and decision making • Nonprocedural access is a crucial feature • Many opportunities to work with databases

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