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SB3a.

SB3a. Students will be able to explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. LEQ1 : How is energy cycled through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration?. Why do organisms need energy?. All organisms require energy to do work

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SB3a.

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  1. SB3a. Students will be able to explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration

  2. LEQ1 : How is energy cycled through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration?

  3. Why do organisms need energy? • All organisms require energy to do work • growth and development • The original source of all energy on earth is the SUN

  4. How is energy stored? In living things energy is stored in a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) WHAT IS RIBOSE???

  5. Just a thought… Would you want a tattoo of ATP on your arm???

  6. What is ATP? • Energy storing molecule in organisms • Made of: • 5 carbon sugar (ribose) • Nitrogen compound (adenine) • 3 Phosphates

  7. How is energy stored in and released from ATP? Energy is stored in chemical bonds between phosphates Energy is releasedwhen the bond is broken and one phosphate is released Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is produced when the phosphate is released

  8. Cycling of ATP and ADP ATP ADP Energy Stored Energy released

  9. phosphate removed

  10. Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. RECALL: MACROMOLECULES • Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. • not stored in large amounts • up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule

  11. RECALL: MACROMOLECULES • 80 percent of the energy in your body • about 146 ATP from a triglyceride • Fats store the most energy. • Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP. • amino acids not usually needed for energy • about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

  12. RECALL: CHEMOSYNTHESIS • Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight. • In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. • similar to photosynthesis • uses chemical energy instead of light energy

  13. What are the three main uses for ATP? • Transports needed substances across the cell membrane • Active Transport • Activating metabolic reactions • All chemical reactions in the body • Mechanical work • Moving muscles

  14. Summarizer Explain to your neighbor how energy is converted between ATP and ADP. HINT: Make sure to use the word phosphate in your explanation. STAY ON TASK… ONLY TALK ABOUT THIS SUMMARIZER!!!

  15. Photosynthetic organisms are producers. • Producers make their own source of chemical energy. • Plants use photosynthesis and are producers. • Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to make sugars.

  16. chloroplast leaf cell leaf Chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs light energy. In plants, chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts.

  17. grana (thylakoids) chloroplast stroma • Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts. • grana (thylakoids) • stroma Each part of the chloroplast is responsible for a specific reaction.

  18. The 1st ReactionLight Dependent Reaction • take place in grana (thylakoids) • water and sunlight are needed • chlorophyll absorbs energy • energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to light-independent reactions (ATP is used to drive the 2nd reaction.) • oxygen is released

  19. The 2nd StepLight Independent Reaction • take place in stroma • needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere • use energy to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical reactions (ATP) This is also referred to as the CALVIN CYCLE!!!

  20. granum (stack of thylakoids) 1 chloroplast sunlight 6H2O 6O2 2 energy thylakoid stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids) 6CO2 1 six-carbon sugar C6H12O6 3 4 The equation for the overall process is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  21. Reactants of Photosynthesis • Radiant energy • Sunlight is absorbed by the chloroplasts in the leaves of the plant • Carbon dioxide • Absorbed by the leaves of the plant • Water • Absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant

  22. Products of Photosynthesis • Sugar (C6H12O6 = glucose) • Produced in the leaves of the plant and is transported to the rest of the plant for chemical energy • What is the suffix for identifying a sugar? • Oxygen • Is released from the leaves of the plant into the atmosphere

  23. Summarizer • Write out the equation of photosynthesis. • Switch papers with your neighbor and add any additional information.

  24. Why is the release of oxygen by plants an important function? How does it affect us?

  25. How do animals get their energy? Animals extract energy from the food they consume through the process of cellular respiration

  26. What is Cellular Respiration? • Process in which organisms release stored energy from food. • Formula: 6O2 + C6H12O6 energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

  27. Two types of Cellular Respiration • Aerobic Respiration • Requires Oxygen • Anaerobic Respiration • Does NOT require Oxygen

  28. Aerobic Respiration • Occurs in the presence of oxygen • Involves 3 steps: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain • Complete breakdown of sugar • Produces: ATP + carbon dioxide • More efficient because it produces a greater quantity of ATP

  29. 1st step of AEROBIC respiration Glycolysis • anaerobic process (does not require oxygen) • takes place in cytoplasm • splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules • produces two ATP molecules -products are transferred to the mitochondria for the 2nd step (the Kreb’s Cycle)

  30. 1 ATP mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) and 6CO 2 energy 2 3 energy from glycolysis ATP inner membrane and and 6H O 6O 2 2 4 2nd step of AEROBIC respiration • The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron transport chain. • takes place inmitochondrial matrix • breaks down three-carbonmolecules from glycolysis Krebs Cycle • makes a small amount of ATP • releases carbon dioxide • transfers energy-carrying molecules

  31. 1 ATP mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane) and 6CO 2 energy 2 Electron Transport 3 energy from glycolysis ATP inner membrane and and 6H O 6O 2 2 4 3rd step of AEROBIC respiration The electron transport chain produces a large amount of ATP. • takes place in inner membrane • energy transferred to electron transport chain • oxygen enters process • 34 ATP produced • water released as awaste product

  32. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration • They are opposite processes • Reactants for one process are the products for the other • Two processes together maintain the balance of life on earth

  33. The equation for the overall process is: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O

  34. Anaerobic Respiration • Occurs in the absences of oxygen • Body is deprived of enough oxygen to maintain aerobic reactions • Involves 2 steps: Glycolysis, and Fermentation • Incomplete breakdown of sugar • Produces: ATP + carbon dioxide + alcohol/lactic acid • Not as efficient as aerobic respiration (produces less ATP)

  35. Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen.

  36. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable. • Fermentation does not produce ATP.

  37. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells. • glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules • pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation • energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid • NADH is changed back into NAD+

  38. Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. • Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation. • glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation • energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide • NADH is changed back into NAD+ • NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis

  39. yogurt Alcoholic Fermentation is used in food production by yeast and microorganisms to produce: • cheese • bread Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in animals. It is caused by the buildup of lactic acids in muscle cells. -soreness -burning

  40. Summarizer What is the total amount of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

  41. Summarizer How can you tell if your body is going through aerobic or anaerobic respiration when you are working out?

  42. Use the terms Glycolysis ETC Glucose Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Water Krebs Cycle 2 ATP 34 ATP Summarizer:Complete the chart below on the steps of aerobic respiration.

  43. Use the Terms: Glucose 2ATP Fermentation Lactic acid Alcoholic Glycolysis Yeast Microorganisms Animals Summarizer Complete the chart of anaerobic respiration below:

  44. Summarizer Use the chart to answer the Essential Question: How is energy cycled through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration?

  45. Summarizer Comparison Chart:Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

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