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Indus Basin Challenge: Collective Response for Water Storages

This paper argues for increased dam construction in the Indus Basin due to water resource variability, with focus on storage capacity needs and benefits of water management. Key points include historic patterns of wet and dry years, comparison of storage capacities among countries, suitable sites for large storages in different rivers, risks and benefits of underground water storage, and suggestions for creating underground storage. It also addresses misinformation surrounding dam construction and calls for a moratorium to allow for informed decision-making in water resource management.

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Indus Basin Challenge: Collective Response for Water Storages

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  1. INDUS BASIN CHALLENGE – THE NEED FOR A COLLECTIVE RESPONSE Dams, Dams and Even More Dams (Storages, Storages & More Storages) AHMAD KHAN BHATTI May , 2016

  2. NEED FOR STORAGE • Our Water Resources: Rainfall, snow & glacier melt(What comes from the Sky) • Large seasonal and annual variability • 85% during Kharif (more than our need for Kharif) • 15% during Rabi (less than our requirement for Rabi) • Surplus from Summer months needs to be stored for Winter

  3. CARRY OVER STORAGE • Historic pattern of wet and dry years • Drought years 74-75, 82-83, 2000-2002 (Jhelum & Chenab – 1999-2000) • Storage needed to conserve water for drought periods • Carry over storage not available at present

  4. CARRY OVER CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES • Storage Capacity per Capita: • USA - 5000 Cubic Meters • China - 2200 Cubic Meters • Pakistan - 150 Cubic Meters • Carry-over Capacity: • Colorado River (USA) - 900 days of river runoff • Murray-Darling River (Australia) - 900 days of river runoff • Aswan Dam (Egypt) - 700 days of river runoff • India (Different Basins) - 120-200 days • Pakistan - 30 days (about 10% of river flow against international good practice of 40%)

  5. WHERE TO STORE WATER • Large storages possible only on large rivers • Indus: - Shyok / Katzarah - 6MAF / 690MW • - Bhasha - 8.1MAF / 4500MW • - Kalabagh - 6.1MAF / 3600MW • Jhelum: Some sites between Muzafarabad& Mangla • Chenab: – No Site for large Dam (except small storages at Marala and Chiniot) • Medium and small storage on streams and nullahs (where feasible)

  6. OFF CHANNEL STORAGES • Indus • - Akhori Dam • - Dhok Pathan • (Serious Environment Issues) • Jhelum • - Rohtas (Serious Environment Issues) 6MAF / 600MW

  7. AKHORI DAM LAYOUT PLAN

  8. DHOK PATHAN DAM LAYOUT PLAN

  9. BENEFITS OF STORING WATER • Food security • Drinking water supply • Cheap Hydropower • Flood Management • Drought mitigation • Environmental benefits • Economic benefits during construction

  10. STORING WATER UNDERGROUND • Huge Potential • Safe from Evaporation Losses • Safe from Sedimentation • No Conveyance System required • Available on demand • Efficient use of water

  11. HOW TO CREATE UNDERGROUND STORAGE • Taking flood water to designated storage sites: • - Greater Thal Canal • - Thar Canal (two lakes 0.45 MAF) • In River Beds of eastern rivers (Ravi, Sutlej) • Local retention of water in the fields by restricted entry to surface drains • Artificial Recharge • - in drain beds • - Urban areas • - Horizontal/vertical shafts

  12. MORATORIUM ON DAMS & DEVELOPMENT THROUGH: • Dis-information: • Sindh will become a desert • Flooding upstream in Nowshehra • Water logging & salinity in Mardan & Pabbi • Specific case of disinformation • - water is being pumped out from CJ Link Canal • - Work on Kalabagh Dam has already started

  13. THANK YOU

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