Ch 3 Biochemistry

1. Ch 3 Biochemistry Ch 6 Photosynthesis Ch 7 Cellular Respiration • SPI’s: • 1.3- Distinguish between proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. • 1.4-Identify positive tests for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. • 3.1-Intrept a diagram that illustrates energy flow in an ecosystem. • 3.2-Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. • 3.3 –Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy transformation

2. Section 1 The Light Reactions Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Photosynthesis Table of Contents

3. Bellringer # 5 Energy is released when the bond between • Carbon atoms in the ATP is broken. • Ribose and adenine in ATP is broken. • Phosphate groups in ATP is broken. • Two ATP molecules is broken. Open text to pg 113. Set up notes for 6.1.

4. Explainwhy almost all organisms depend on photosynthesis. Describethe role of chlorophylls and other pigments in photosynthesis. Summarizethe main events of the light reactions. Explainhow ATP is made during the light reactions. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Objectives

5. Autotrophsuse energy from sun to make organic compounds. Heterotrophs: must get energy from food instead of directly from sun or inorganic substances. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Obtaining Energy

6. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Comparing Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

7. Photosynthesisconverts light energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds through a series of reactions known as biochemical pathways. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Obtaining Energy

8. O2 and some organic compounds produced by photosynthesis are used by cells in cellular respiration. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Overview of Photosynthesis

9. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Linking Photosynthesis and Respiration Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

10. Photosynthesis has 2 stages: 1. Thelight reactions: light energy is converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and the energy carrier molecule NADPH. 2. The Calvin Cycle: organic compounds are formed using CO2 and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Overview of Photosynthesis, continued

11. Equation of Photosynthesis: Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Overview of Photosynthesis, continued 6CO2 + 6H2O (light energy) C6H12O6 + 6O2

12. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Capturing Light Energy The light reactions begin with absorption of light in chloroplasts: • Thylakoids: inner membranes • Grana: flattened stacks of thylakoids • Stoma: solution surrounding grana

13. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Parts of a Chloroplast Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

14. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Capturing Light Energy, continued • Light and Pigments • White light from the sun is composed of an array of colors called the visible spectrum. • Pigments absorb certain colors of light and reflect other colors.

15. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Capturing Light Energy, continued • Chloroplast Pigments • Located in the membrane of thethylakoids are pigments, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.

16. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Spectrum of Light and Plant Pigments Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

17. Bellringer # 6 List the balanced chemical formula for photosynthesis. Get out a sheet of paper and title it “Organic Molecule/Photosynthesis Video Synthesis”. You will also need a vocab sheet.

18. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Light Reactions in Photosynthesis

19. Section 1 The Light Reactions Chapter 6 Summary of Processes in Light Reactions

20. 6.1 Vocab • Autotroph • Photosynthesis • Heterotroph • Chloroplast • Thylakoid 6. Granum 7. Stroma 8. Pigment 9. Chlorophyll 10. Carotenoid

21. Bellringer # 7 • The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to • Absorb light energy • Pass electrons to carotenoids • Split water molecules • All of the above • Open text to pg 120. Set up notes for 6.2. Turn in all makeup work.

22. Summarize the main events of the Calvin cycle. Describe what happens to the compounds that are made in the Calvin cycle. Distinguish between C3, C4, and CAM plants. Summarize how the light reactions and the Calvin cycle work together to create the continuous cycle of photosynthesis. Explain how environmental factors influence photosynthesis. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Objectives

23. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Carbon Fixation • The ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions drive the second stage of photosynthesis, theCalvin cycle. • In the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds, a process calledcarbon fixation.

24. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 The Calvin Cycle

25. Read a summary of photosynthesis p. 122-123 silently.

26. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Ongoing Cycle of Photosynthesis

27. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Factors That Affect Photosynthesis • 1. Light Intensity • The rate of photosynthesis increases as light intensity increases, but it tops out and levels off.

28. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Factors That Affect Photosynthesis, continued • 2. Carbon Dioxide Levels • As with increasing light intensity, increasing levels of carbon dioxide also stimulate photosynthesis until the rate levels off.

29. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Factors That Affect Photosynthesis, continued • 3. Temperature • rate increases to max and then decreases with further rises in temp.

30. Section 2 The Calvin Cycle Chapter 6 Environmental Influences on Photosynthesis Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

31. 6.2 Vocab • Light reactions • Dark reactions • Calvin cycle • Carbon fixation • Stomata 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.