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TEAM COHESION

TEAM COHESION. Prepared By A Muller National Diploma in Sport and Exercise Technology Department of Biokinetics and Sport Science. Introduction. Players and coaches often attribute a team’s success or failure to how well the members work as a cohesive unit. Mottos such as

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TEAM COHESION

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  1. TEAM COHESION Prepared By A Muller National Diploma in Sport and Exercise Technology Department of Biokinetics and Sport Science

  2. Introduction • Players and coaches often attribute a team’s success or failure to how well the members work as a cohesive unit. Mottos such as • “we are one family” • “One for all and all for one” Suggest the importance of working together.

  3. Sport Groups • To understand or improve human behaviour we have to understand the nature of groups • How individuals relate to groups • How groups relate to larger groups • To comprehend behaviour in sport we must be familiar with the nature of sport groups

  4. Team Cohesion • Team cohesion is a dynamic process reflected in the tendency for a group to: 1. Stick together 2. Remain united in pursuit of goals and objectives

  5. Characteristics of Cohesion • A collective identity • A sense of shared purpose • Structured modes of communication • Personal or task interdependence • Interpersonal attraction The above distinguish sport and exercise groups

  6. Sport Teams Team development is characterised by: • 1. forming –familiarisation stage • 2. storming- interpersonal conflict • 3. norming- solidarity and cooperation, team cohesion • 4. performing- helping one another for team success

  7. Group roles & norms • A group of athletes can become effective if group roles and norms are developed. Role –set of behaviour required or expected of a person occupying certain position in group. • Formal roles eg coach or captain • Informal roles evolve out of the dynamics of a group. • Team’s effectiveness can improve by players understanding roles and accepting roles

  8. GROUP ROLES & NORMS Norms • It is a level of performance, pattern of behaviour or belief • Coach has to define positive norms or standards • Norms can be established formally or informally • Can be enforced by positive or negative sanctions.

  9. Methods of establishing & enforcing group norms • Show individuals the team’s performance & spirit • Assess adherence to team standards and reward adherence, sanction no adherence • Point out to each one how their contribution contributes to team success.

  10. Creating an effective team climate • Social support- teammates, coaches, parents and friends enhance group cohesion • Proximity- Physical proximity, living together and close contact • Distinctiveness – team uniforms, t- shirts, motto’s, slogans and special privileges • Fairness- coaches should treat athletes fairly, honestly, openly and enhance a climate of trust • Similarity- similarity among members in commitments, attitudes, aspirations, and code of conduct .

  11. Measuring Cohesion • To determine the relationship between cohesion and performance we must be able to measure cohesion. • Two types of measures have been developed; • Questionnaires and • Sociograms.

  12. Questionnaires

  13. Sociograms • Questionnaires do not show how particular individuals relate to one another. • Whether cliques are developing, • And if some group members are socially isolated, • A sociogram is a tool to measure social cohesion . WA C GS GA WD GD GK

  14. Determinants of team Cohesion • Conformity – the more cohesive a group is the more influence the group has on its individual members. • Stability – teams that stay together longer would be more stable, cohesive and more successful. • Team homogeneity – How similar teams are – cultural background, ethnic background, socio-economic status and religion. • Team size – As a team or group increase in size, cohesion and productivity may decline.

  15. Building Team Cohesion What coaches or leaders can do • Explain individual role in team success. • Develop pride within subunits. • Set challenging team goals. • Encourage team identity. • Avoid formation of cliques. • Conduct periodic meetings to resolve conflict. • Stay in touch with team climate. • Know something personal about each group member.

  16. Building Team Cohesion What group members can do: • Get to know team mates • Help team mates whenever possible • Give teammates positive reinforcement • Be responsible • Communicate honestly and openly with the coach • Resolve conflicts immediately • Give 100% effort at all times.

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