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Monday

Monday. www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html. Overview. 70-700 CE. Oral Torah Rabbinic Judaism. In wake of rebellions to Rise of Islam 70 ce to 700 ce. . Centre moves. Jerusalem destroyed… Yavneh then Babylon . Jews live all over Mediterranean world and Middle East.

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Monday

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  1. Monday www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html

  2. Overview • 70-700 CE

  3. Oral TorahRabbinic Judaism In wake of rebellions to Rise of Islam 70 ce to 700 ce.

  4. Centre moves • Jerusalem destroyed… • Yavneh then Babylon. • Jews live all over Mediterranean world and Middle East

  5. Christianity • Begins as a Jewish sect around Jesus of Nazareth as “Messiah” or “Christ” • by 2nd century bce, “Nazarenes” take Gospel to non-Jews • Christianity becomes independent • Lingering associations with Judaism.

  6. Political changes Palestine / Mediterranean • 0- 4th century Rome Pagan • 4th century Rome Christian • 7-8th century South / East: Islam

  7. Political Changes Mesopotamia / Babylonia • to 3rd century: Parthians • 3rd to 7th centuries Sassanian (Persian) Zoroastrians • 7-8th century Islam

  8. Islam • Prophet Muhammad • 570 to 632 • Saw himself as the final prophet of the same God worshipped by Jews and Christians.

  9. Rapid Arab expansion • 7th century: Arab Muslims capture considerable territory • Many Jews now live under Islamic rule.

  10. Rabbinic Judaism • Developed 150 bce to 700 ce • TALMUD completed about the time of Muhammad.

  11. 70 to 700 • Massive Political Change • Massive Religious Change

  12. 3 religions • Islam 620-30’s • Christianity 1st century • Rabbinic Judaism 1st century b

  13. Early development of R. Judaism TWO TORAHS Torah that is in Tanakh Oral Torah: Rabbinic teachings.

  14. “TANNAIM”Early Oral Torah teachers • Tanna – Singular • Ca. 150 bce. to second century ce. • Influenced by Pharisaic ideas. • Bible and Mishnah

  15. After 70 c.e. New form of Judaism Without temple On Pharisee / Tannaim model “Oral Torah” collected to preserve teachings offer alternative to temple.

  16. Yohanan ben Zakkai • Pharisaic teacher • Made peace with Rome • Gathered surviving Jewish scholars after 70 ce.

  17. Yavneh / JamniaNew Centre of Jewish learning.

  18. Tannaim • “Repeaters” of Torah tradition.

  19. New Scholars“Rabbis” • Preserve • Old traditions • Memories of temple • Teachings of great scholars

  20. Ben Zakkai: • Yavneh is equal to Jerusalem. • Temple rites now symbolized in new rites in Yavnah

  21. Scripture • Increased accent on Scripture / Study • Temple holiness transferred to individual.

  22. Synagogues • Assume new role • Surrogate Temple • Shofar

  23. Yavneh Sanhedrin • New Leadership • Innovation and Tradition

  24. No alternative • “Old” form of Judaism beyond recovery. • No temple Diaspora life for almost all Jews.

  25. 132-135 bceSecond rebellion • Attempt to rebuild temple results in disastrous war. • Simon Bar Kokhba Claims priesthood • “Messiah”

  26. Oral Torah • Basis of new Judaism alongside Tanakh • Oral Torah is Written down

  27. TANNAIMRabbi AkibaJudah HaNasi • Judah compiled the writings & teachings of Akiba and others.

  28. MISHNAH • First major text of the Oral Torah. • 170-220 bce • Judah HaNasi.

  29. Love / justice, not offerings • Hosea 6:6 • Micah 6:6-8 • Psalm 51:16-17

  30. Teachers, not priests • Rabbi, • by education and ordination, not birth • Remembered as “sages”

  31. Diaspora • Alexandria • Babylon • Contact with Sanhedrin.

  32. Midrash = traditions attached to BibleMishnah = independent

  33. Mishnah: “Repetition”“Memorized” Major part of ORAL TORAH Written in land of Israel

  34. Mishnah Late 2nd Cent. early 3rd. • 6 “ORDERS” • 63 “TRACTATES” • Chapters • Sections “Mishnah”

  35. Mishnah • REMEMBERS TEMPLE • TORAH INTERPRETATION • TEACHINGS OF SAGES

  36. Legitimization God  Moses  …  Sages  Hillel + Shammai  J. b. Zakkai

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