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Geopolitics

Explore the origins and evolution of Geopolitics in the late 19th to early 20th century, delving into the impact of international alliances, global economy, mass production, and the concept of the state as a living form. Understand the Realist perspective and the importance of power dynamics in shaping international relations.

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Geopolitics

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  1. Geopolitics As a Realist, Conservative and Determinist Theory of International Relations

  2. Origins, Late 19th, Early 20th Century • 20th Century’s history started in Bosnia, ended in Bosnia • Ca. 1904: Antant formed, international alliance system • Ca. 1904: Mackinder’s speech on sea and land powers and mobility • The colonial system completed in the World • Nation states created in Europe

  3. Origins II. • Global economy and trade as a worldwide network (first steps of globalisation?) • Mass production and innovations • Global infrastructure (ports, telegraph, urbanisation, railway) • Mass production and innovations in weapons

  4. Origins III. • World system • Two groups of European States • By the status of competition for space

  5. Other Sciences • Biology, Evolution: • Evolutionism, Charles Darwin • Social Evolutionists, like Herbert Spencer • Biology, Level of Observation: • Moritz Wagner • Super Organism

  6. Rudolf Kjellén • Swedish professor of political sciences • 1899 created the word: Geopolitics (also National Socialism) • The first book in 1916 in Swedish, in 1917 in German: • The State as a Living Form • Competition and age of states, • changing balance between states • Changing borders between states

  7. Summary • Geopolitics is Realist because: • Accepts the wars as interaction between states • Chaos in the International Relations • Relation between states (and border situation) depend on the power of states • International organisations have importance only if they are military organisations

  8. Homework for All • Written definiton of Geopolitics and Key Geopoliticians 1 page • Differences between Geopolitics and Geopolitik A few sentences

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