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GIS Lab slides

GIS Lab slides. Updated January 2010. Part 1: Data vs. Information. Data: raw facts or measurements Information: collection of facts organized/processed in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves. Adds meaning or context to achieve goal of user. 58008? ? What is this?.

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GIS Lab slides

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  1. GIS Lab slides Updated January 2010

  2. Part 1: Data vs. Information • Data: raw facts or measurements • Information: collection of facts organized/processed in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves. • Adds meaning or context to achieve goal of user. • 58008?? What is this?

  3. Data vs. information • Set of names in any order / class list • Set of numbers / grades for lab “When you control the the mail you control... information!”

  4. Fig 1.2

  5. Information is the derivative of manipulating, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a form suitable for decision-making or further analysis.- Hutchinson/Coulthard

  6. Principle • MIS: The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals

  7. The “Information Spectrum” • . Omniscience • . Wisdom • . Knowledge • . Information • . Data

  8. Part 2: Data and Information characteristics Often a trade-off between some of these attributes. Which ones are critical to your application?

  9. Friends …. • Secure and Reliable • Timely and Accessible • Reliable and Simple

  10. And Enemies • Accessible vs. Secure • Reliable/Accurate/Complete vs. Economical

  11. PART 3: What is GIS? • A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a compilation of computer hardware, software, data and personnel that collects, analyzes and presents information that is tied to a geographic location. • Converts data into visual form • Links geographical data with descriptive data and forms the information into layers (coverages). • The layers create themes that represent particular features on a map and, when combined, form a complete picture.

  12. Spatial Made up of points lines and areas: Points- locations: buildings, customers etc. Lines- streets, rivers. elevations Areas- polygons representing states, counties, market areas etc. Three Types of Data • Tabular • Lists, spreadsheets and databases • Can be linked to spatial data • Sales to a region • Image • Satellite images, aerial photographs and scanned data • One layer • Cannot be broken down

  13. Vector- spatial x,y coordinates Structured coordinates represent the shape of a feature. Highways, rivers etc. Raster - image Matrix of cells with values Satellite imagery Color-coded to create a 3 dimensional image (elevations) Digital camera, TV Data Models

  14. Uses • Business Placement • Law enforcement • Emergency Response • Census/Demographics • Marketing • Pollution remediation • Medical (disease epidemiology) • Facility management (utilities) &Much More!

  15. The original map drawn by Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), a British physician, showing cases of cholera in the London epidemics of 1854, clustered around the locations of water pumps. (Wikipedia)

  16. Allow Pop-ups for these • Albany crime spots (updated weekly) • Sex offenders map for a Zip Code

  17. Albany Crime Map

  18. GIS Lab • MapInfo overview • Scavenger hunt – use MapInfo to answer geography questions • Map of WTC and Fire Companies • Metadata • Thematic map of male:female ratio • Use one screen to view instructions, other computer to do work

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