关于高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的几点应试策略

1. 关于高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的几点应试策略关于高考英语完形填空和阅读理解的几点应试策略 ---- 南京外国语学校 尚媛媛 “Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much.” – Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

2. 高考英语完形填空趋势 • 从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再单纯考核学生语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。

3. 高考英语完形填空命题特点 1. 完形填空是一篇情景独立或相对完整的短文，词数在250-400词之内。 2. 在题材和体裁上，近几年大多选择夹叙夹议的议论文或故事相对完整的记叙文。大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪，或是充满了生活情趣。对应解题策略，应多从正面、积极的方面考虑。 3. 选项多为一词，偶尔会是词组。四选项为同一类 词或属同一范畴，或近义或同形异义，或与前 后搭配构成词组。故干扰性、迷惑性较大。

4. 高考英语完形填空命题特点 4. 考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%，其中又以动、名、形为主。通过语境、上下文内容，考查词汇在具体语境中的意义；一词多义的考点增多。 5. 以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能做出正确判断和选择。

5. 2009年江苏高考完形 名词：6 动词（词组）：5 形容词、副词：4 介词：3 连词：2 2010年江苏高考完形 名词：5 动词（词组）：8 形容词、副词：6 连词：1 2009、2010年江苏省高考英语完形词汇分布

6. 英语完形填空解题步骤 • 通读全文，统揽全局。 • 逐句分析，确定选项。 • 通盘理解，上下一致。 • 复读全文，核对答案。

7. 完形填空解题策略 1. 充分重视上下文，发现并利用词汇复现信息，如：原词复现，或同义词、近义词的复现。 2. 结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理。 3. 利用生活常识。 4. 理解句子含义，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。

8. 高考完形失分的主要原因 1. 没有严格遵循答题步骤。 2. 不注意积累答题技巧：忽视文章中上下文之间的逻辑关系；不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时随主观想象选择答案。 3. 受到三类错误的影响：惯性思维的影响；汉语思维的影响；思维随意跳跃，逻辑关系混乱。

9. 完形填空实例分析 • Life hasn’t been too ___1___ at times, but my wife takes care of our money and we have a good bit ___2___ for a rainy day. 1. A. easy B. busy C. hard D. simple 2. A. left behind B. used up C. put away D. sorted out √ √

10. She saw me with my new friends and ___1___ that we no longer shared the same experiences. She saw all the fun I was having ____2___ her and wished she could be a part of it. She wished she could be in their position. 1. A. regretted B. wondered C. promised D. proved 2. A. for B. from C. without D. across √ √

11. After initial ______, King got his first break as a DJ on a Miami station. In 1960, he began his first program on Miami television. His Miami radio show really _______ and he became a local star. 1. A. failures B. victories C. weaknesses D. rewards 2. A. showed off B. took off C. turned up D. lined up √ √

12. When I met the man who became my partner for life, we looked each other ____1___ in the eye, and he told me I was beautiful inside and out. He ___2____ it. “Hold your head up high” has been heard many times in my home. Each of my children has felt its ___3____. The gift my mama gave me lives on in another ___4____. 1. A. straight B. direct C. opposite D. outside 2. A. changed B. repeated C. meant D. realized 3. A. impression B. difference C. invitation D. appreciation 4. A. generation B. organization C. population D. revolution √ √ √ √

13. 2010年江苏省高三百校大联考C卷 • No one really knows how the ancient Egyptians build the pyramids. But Maureen Clemmons has a(n) ____36____. She thinks the Egyptians ___37____ have used kites. • “If you look at the top center of every monument, you see wings,” Clemmons said. “I think the Egyptians have been trying to tell us ____38____ pictures for 3,000 years that this is how they built the pyramids.” • She thinks that ____39____ Egyptian workers might make use of kites to ____40____ the stones with the help of the ____41_____ wind. She got a team of aeronautic engineers to ____42____ her test the theory. • Yesterday, in the Mojave Desert, they ____43____ their theory to the test using a nylon kite, three pulleys(滑轮) and an obelisk (stone tower) that weighs nearly four ____44_____. The wind speed had to be just right. And amazingly, it ____45_____.

14. But the fact that it can be done doesn’t necessarily mean that’s ____46____ the ancient Egyptians did it. • “There’s _____47____ no evidence for kites in ancient Egypt,” said Professor Carol Redmount of the University of California. “There’s _____48_____ evidence of pulleys as we know them today.” • Redmount says the historical evidence _____49_____ the “Charlton Heston method,” which basically relies on the _____50____ of slaves pushing and pulling huge stone blocks to create the pyramids. • _____51_____ the kite-lifting group will have ____52_____ of that. • “All I can remember from history is that Egyptians drank beer for breakfast, lunch and dinner, and _____53_____ someone who has done _____54____ research on drinking beer, I know after I’ve had two beers and it’s really hot. I’m not pushing or pulling anything,” Clemmons said. “So, I ____55____ I’d try to think another way.”

15. 36. A. idea B. way C. aim D. theory 37. A. might B. would C. may D. must 38. A. on B. in C. by D. about 39. A. best B. latest C. earliest D. youngest 40. A. lift B. raise C. rise D. hold 41. A. sea B. desert C. west D. north 42. A. help B. make C. let D. offer 43. A. prove B. base C. get D. put 44. A. pounds B. tons C. kilograms D. gallons 45. A. did B. resulted C. worked D. affected

16. 46. A. how B. why C. where D. what 47. A. relatively B. absolutely C. exactly D. nearly 48. A. any B. some C. few D. no 49. A. refers to B. arrives at C. points to D. aims at 50. A. body B. shoulder C. hand D. shoulder 51. A. But B. And C. So D. Though 52. A. nothing B. none C. anything D. something 53. A. as well B. as if C. as D. yet 54. A. field B. physics C. chemistry D. area 55. A. wished B. imagined C. wondered D. figured 36-40 DCBCA 41-45 BADBC 46-50 ABDCD 51-55 ABCAD

17. 高考英语阅读题型分析

18. 高考英语阅读理解考查要点 • 理解主旨和要义 • 理解文中的具体信息 • 根据上下文推断生词的词义 • 作出判断和推理 • 理解作者的意图、观点和态度

19. 高考英语阅读理解题得常见设题形式 1. 理解主旨大意 题型特点：考查学生对文章中心思想或段落主题的理解能力已经区别主要信息和次要信息的能力。 Main idea Title Purpose

20. 命题规律： • 段首、段尾句常考 • 需归纳段落或全文的主题 • 概括文段标题的能力 • 概括文章的写作目的 提问方式： • What is the passage mainly about? • The first paragraph is mainly about ______. • Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text? • The best title of the passage is _____. • What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage? • The theme of the passage is _____.

21. 理解全文大意策略： • 找主题句 • 概括段落大意，总结 • 借助文章主线和关键词，提炼 • 利用典型事例推断

22. 2. 理解文中具体信息 题型特点：阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或寻求所需的细节。 注意事项： • 事实、细节不会孤立出现，结合前后内容，善于利用因果、类比、时间、空间关系 • 遵循“本本主义”，文章里有什么信息就用什么信息（仅限细节题），不可凭感觉发挥。 • 把握正确选项的特点，选项的表达用了不同的词语或句型表达同样的意思。

23. 命题规律： • 列举、并列处 • 特殊标点符号处 • 转折、对比处 • 绝对性词汇、唯一性词汇以及最高级处 命题形式： • 直接细节题 • 间接细节题 • 数字计算题 • 排列顺序题

24. 3. 根据上下文推断生词的词义 题型特点：考查学生在不同语境当中通过阅读上下文来推测生词含义的能力。 命题规律： • 指代处 • 超纲词汇 • 一词多义

25. 推断词义解题策略： • 利用定义 • 利用同义、近义、反义 • 利用常识 • 利用上下文 • 利用因果关系 • 利用词义转折 • 利用构词法

26. 4. 作出简单判断和推测（推理题） 命题规律：根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性。 出题位置： • 文章的开头段和结尾段 • 段落中的主题句 • 文章中起承转合处 • 文章出现强调、递进等特殊关系的词语

27. 推断隐含意义 infer， suggest，imply， conclude， intend， purpose, be likely to… 要排除： • 直接表达细节的信息 • 无关紧要的结论 • 不合理或不合逻辑的结论

28. 推断文章出处 • 报纸：日期，地点或通讯社 • 广告：特殊格式，容易辨认 • 产品说明： 器皿、设备的使用说明或操作方式，药品服用时间、次数、药量等

29. 5. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度 题型特点和命题规律：考查隐含在文章中的写作目的，要传递的信息，讲授的道理。要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，领会作者的言外之意。 把握的技巧： • 把握文章的文体 • 注意作者的措词

30. 推断作者观点 • 自己的看法，社会的一种普遍倾向，与作者相反的观点或看法 • 文中措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的adj. adv, v. eg. 弦外之音（常见的褒义词：interesting, pleasant, satisfying, positive, optimistic, supporting, advisable等。常见的贬义词：disappointed, negative, critical, pessimistic等。常见的中性词：serious, objective, subjective, neutral等。

31. 根据文章文体推断写作目的 1. to entertain readers (story) 2. to persuade readers (advertisement) 3. to inform readers (science, news, culture, society)

32. 阅读理解实例分析 • The conference gathered the participants from governments, businesses, non-governmental organizations and research institutions from 180 countries. It is the penultimate opportunity for parties to reach a legally binding treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol which will be no longer valid in 2012. • What does the underlined word “penultimate” in the last paragraph mean? A. The second. B. The last. C. The last but one. D. The last but two. √

33. 1. Forcing a child to brush his teeth is quite sound. That is if all else fails – educating him about tooth decay, using a carrot and stick approach and even buying him an electric toothbrush. It is very important that he brushes his teeth and he is a child. Children have to be taught what’s good and bad and be trained too. • Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage if a child does not want to brush his teeth? A. He should be taught the importance of brushing his teeth. B. He should be told when and how to brush his teeth. C. He should be rewarded and punished as well. D. He should be forced to brush his teeth. √

34. 2. New York (Reuters Life!) – More young American adults are living with their parents due to the economic downturn and a lack of jobs in a phenomenon dubbed “full nest syndrome”, according to new research. • What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Young adults have poor employment opportunities. B. More young US adults live with parents. C. More young Americans enrolled in school. D. The transition to adulthood will delayed. √

35. When Americans in the manufacturing sector cried out, “The Chinese are coming”, some years ago, they expressed a restless concern and warning about a possible loss of job opportunities. Now Americans in the tourism industry issued the same cry on June 17 – but this time, it was a welcome call to greet the first organized group of Chinese tourists to the United States. US tourism officials have high expectations that well-off Chinese visitors, who are ready and willing to spend loads of yuan, will give a big help to their industry. • When, a few years ago, some Americans shouted “The Chinese are coming”, they __________. A. were worried that the Chinese language would take the place of English B. were concerned that the number of the Chinese tourists would be bigger than the locals C. wanted to warn that the US economy would suffer heavy losses D. feared that large numbers of Chinese moving into the US would make many Americans jobless √

36. Thank You!And Good Luck!