Using PRA Technique and Tools for planning Ama Gaon Ama Yojana

1. Using PRA Technique and Tools for planningAmaGaonAma Yojana PPT 5 State Institute for Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (SIRD&PR)

2. PPT 5

3. Community Participation PPT 5 • Co-option-Passive Participation • Compliance-Task are assigned with Incentives but the external facilitator directs the process • Consultation-Local opinions are asked ,external facilitator analyse and decide on a course of action • Co-operation-Local people work together with external facilitators to determine priorities; responsibility remains with external agency for directing the process • Co learning-Local people and External agency share their knowledge to create new understanding and work together to form action plans with external facilitation • Collective action-Local people set their agenda and mobilize to carry it out in the absence of external facilitation

4. What is Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) PPT 5 • An approach (and family of methodologies) for shared learning between local people and outsiders to enable development practitioners, government officials, and local people to plan together appropriate interventions • This is also known as Participatory Learning and Action (PLA)

5. Some basic principles for PRA at GP PPT 5 • Learn together • Not so rigid standardized methodology to be used • Biases may be avoided, more listening less lecturing • Gender sensitive • Inclusion • Attempts to identify and analyse contradictions and exceptions • Leave out unessential details • To get correct details and conclusions, it is best to cross check • Use of Local materials - dirt, stones, sticks (or paper) • Use of Map ,models and diagrams

6. Integrating Gender in PRA PPT 5 • Recognising gender differentials at community level • Formulating key questions in terms of gender differentiated perspectives • Deciding which PRA methods would be most appropriate • Effort to understand the gender based differences in activities , access and control over resources

7. PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

8. Procedure of PRA PPT 5 • Team formation • Clarifying goals and objectives • Choose main topics • Prepare a list of sub- topics , indicators and key questions • Review existing documentation • Select tools and methods to gather information and analysis • Processing is done in several rounds • Summarizing • Action

9. PRA Techniques PPT 5 • Transect Walk • Social Mapping • Resource Mapping • Seasonality Analysis • Focussed Group Discussion • Semi Structured Interview

10. Transect Walk PPT 5 • It is an information gathering process related to the Natural resources, land use, vegetation, physical infrastructure, cropping pattern, public resources, social differentiation and issues related to the same etc. in villages • Key Requirements for conducting the Transect Walk • Information for the identification of the transect route • Time 3 – 4 hours but generally depends upon the area and objective • Good participatory facilitation skills and knowledge on the Planning process Limitations: The tool reflects or shows the current observable situation of the Village/GP Step 1: Selection of groups Step 2: Explain the objectives very clearly to the groups Step 3: Carefully plan a route that covers all features and record the information Step 4: Analyse the transect diagram and information Step 5: Relate the information with the Village Planning

11. Social Mapping PPT 5 The social map provides data on community layout, infrastructure, demography, health pattern, education, livelihood and many more identifying different social groups, their social institutions and the different views on these institutions. • Key Requirements for Social Mapping • This tool generates data and information; the only prior information required is for sampling • Time : 2 – 3 Hrs • Good participatory facilitation and social analytical skills; a natural resource disciplinary background is useful Limitations: The process is easier in case of small sample size but as the sample size increases it becomes more complex Step 1: Selection of groups Step 2: Explain the objectives very clearly to the groups Step 3: Producing the Social Map Step 4: Analyse the Social Map Step 5: Relate the information with the Village Planning

13. Community Resource Mapping PPT 5 The Community Resource Mapping enables people to make a pictorial representation of the community resources, topography, settlements and identify problems, possibilities and opportunities. • Key Requirements for Social Mapping • This tool generates data and information; the only prior information required is for sampling • Time : 2 – 3 Hrs • Good participatory facilitation and social analytical skills; a natural resource disciplinary background is useful Limitations: Areas with several different administrations, producing a sufficient number of community-specific sketch maps might be practically and financially unrealistic Step 1: Selection of groups Step 2: Explain the objectives very clearly to the groups Step 3: Producing the Community Resource Map Step 4: Analyse the Community Resource Map Step 5: Relate the information with the Village Planning

14. Seasonality Analysis PPT 5 • It is a method for showing the distribution of seasonally varying phenomenon related to economic activities, resource availability, production activities, health issues, migration of communities and other such problems. This activity helps in effective village level planning understanding the Seasonal variations in vulnerability, risk, and access to assets and resources. • Key Requirements for conducting the Seasonality Analysis • This tool generates data and information; the only prior information required is for sampling • Time : 2 – 3 Hrs • Good participatory facilitation and social analytical skills Limitations: The facilitator has a major role to play and should consider the local calendars and the ways of representing the same Step 1: Selection of groups Step 2: Explain the objectives very clearly to the groups Step 3: Communicate with the local people for information regarding the seasons they follow Step 4: Analyse the Seasonal Calendar Step 5: Relate the information with the Village Planning

15. Focussed Group Discussion PPT 5 • Focus groups are structured around a set of carefully predetermined questions but the discussion is free-flowing. Ideally, participant comments will stimulate and influence the thinking and sharing of others. Some people even find themselves changing their thoughts and opinions during the group. A focus group may not be considered as a debate nor a conflict resolution session. • Key Requirements for conducting Focussed Group Discussion • Homogeneous Group • Time 3 – 4 hours but generally depends upon the moderator • Good participatory facilitation skills and knowledge Limitations: The role of the Facilitator becomes important for extracting information Step 1: Selection and segregation of groups Step 2: Explain the objectives very clearly to the groups to initiate discussion Step 3: Carefully plan and moderate the discussion Step 4: Analyse results and prepare written summary Step 5: Relate the information with the Village Planning

16. Semi Structured Interview PPT 5 • Semi-structured interviews are conducted with a fairly open framework which allow for focused, conversational, two-way communication. They can be used both to give and receive information. • Key Specifications • Obtain specific quantitative and qualitative information from a sample of the population, Obtain general information relevant to specific issues, Gain a range of insights on specific issues • Time 10 – 15 mins per person • Good participatory facilitation skills and knowledge on the Planning process Limitations: The role of the Facilitator becomes important for extracting information Step 1: Selection of individuals and / or groups Step 2: Explain the objectives very clearly to the groups Step 3:Start with more general questions or topics and eventually get information Step 4: Analyse the schedules Step 5: Relate the information with the Village Planning

17. PPT 5 Lets Talk… Components of Gram Panchayat Development Plan (GPDP)