Technical Services Workstations PALINET Workshop

1. Technical Services WorkstationsPALINET Workshop Roger Brisson rob1@psu.edu http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/rob1 Robert Freeborn rbf@psulias.psu.edu

2. Introduction: Assumptions and Goals • Expected background and knowledge: • Basic understanding of windowing operating • systems (Windows/Mac), but not necessarily • computers • Basic understanding of library technical services • operations

3. Purpose of Workshop • Basic conceptual and working understanding • of TSWs • Accomplished on two levels: • - Conceptual foundation, • or getting a sense of the ‘big picture.’ • - Hands-on exercises • Accomplished by: lectures, discussion, and exercise

4. Workshop Schedule • 9:30 am -10:00 am: Introduction and General Concepts • 10:00 – 10:45: Module I- Introduction to TSWs • Break • 11:00 – 11:45: Module II- The Transformation of Cataloging • (training, reliance on documentation, communication) • 11:45 – 12:30 pm: Module III- Communication, Online • Documentation, and Intranets • Lunch • 1:30 – 2:30: Module IV- Cataloging With TSWs, • Implemention Strategies • 2:45 – 3:30: Summary and Q&A • For each module there will be a short introduction • (15 minutes) and an exercise (30 minutes).

5. Module I: Introduction to the TSW * Key Concepts: - Connectivity - Client-Server Computing - Windows Concept / Multitasking - Workflows Used fundamentally for the intellectual enhancement of data (metadata), and for optimizing workflows Exercise: Designing your ideal local TSW and sending it by email to rob@psulias.psu.edu

6. Module II: The Transformation of Cataloging * Long period of probation and mentorship with senior cataloger (testing, additional learning) - Why was this necessary? Communication and access to information was very primitive* Technology brings new forms of communication: -OPAC: shelflisting/classification and subject analysis -Utilities: RLIN and OCLC- Cataloger’s Desktop and Classification Plus- We can radically shorten training because of new technologiesExercise: Introduce TSW cataloging by using Cataloging client software, LC documentation LIAS (OPAC): two versions: telnet and the VEL Utilities: OCLC and RLIN

7. Module III: Communication, Online Documentation and Intranets * PSU Cataloging Web site-Training materials - Minutes - Reference materials (in-house)-‘Cheat sheets’* Use of Web for information and reference sources -looking for people (dates), use of email also -country information - historical information -unknown concepts * Professional communication -listservs, professional association Web sites AUTOCAT archive on Web (as example)* Email (colleagues) * Folio VIEWS Exercise: Use online resources to answer cataloging-related questions.

8. Module IV: Cataloging With TSWs, Implemention Strategies Management considerations-TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) -ROI (Return on Investment) -Strategic planning (new paradigms) -Technology procurement (see parts 1 and 2) Exercise: full cataloging simulation Summary and Wrap-up. Discussion and Q and A

9. Realizing an Idea: Anno 1900

10. James McDonnell, professor of Classics at Penn: • “Pioneers are entitled to be fools. Busting sod on the prairie was a disastrous mistake for many, a barely sustainable life for many many more But it was also a necessary stage towards a productive and, I think we would all agree, valuable economy and culture.” • “Let me put it this way. Was an automobile a cost-effective purchase in 1915?”

11. The Industrial Revolution and the Modern Mind • Rationalization of processes • More efficient use of resources • Free human energy by replacing human labor with machines: creativity • Focus on product (lean thinking)

12. The Information Revolution • Recognizing the central role that information (ideas) play in human activity • Applying the values of the Industrial Revolution to information • Developing the workstation concept

13. in-formatio, -onis, f. [informo], • a representation. I. Lit., an outline, sketch, first draft: aedium sacrarum informationes, Vitr. 4, 6 fin.-- • II. Trop., an idea, conception: anticipatio, quam appellat prolepsin Epicurus, id est anteceptam animo rei quandam informationem, Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 100: dei, id. de Or. 2, 87, 358: unius verbi imagine totius sententiae informatio, an exhibition of the idea contained in a word, an explanation of its meaning

14. Information:Levels of Meaning information science computer science

15. 1980's - The Promise of Personal Computing Only Partially Fulfilled • PCs did not have enough power to meet sophisticated demands of technical services staff • They could not run multiple simultaneous operations • They were still too linear in their orientation • They were based on command-line operations

16. The 90's - The Revolution in Personal Computing Arrives • Developing hardware (Pentium processors, increased memory, greater storage, etc.) permits development of more sophisticated software • Microsoft releases Windows 3.1 (graphic OS as an industry standard) • 32-bit computing leads to greater multi-tasking like questions.

17. The Practicing Scholar:The Workstation Concept • A fully integrated text processing center: • word processor • a structured means of organizing and accessing stored information • immediate access to metadata databases • immediate access to full text • higher-level authoring systems

18. Intelligence Workstation Raw Data (Acq. Record) TSW Human Intervention Enhanced Product (MARC Record) Controlled Catalog

19. Technical Services Workstations • The TSW is a conceptual model for computing in library technical services. • The TSW is not a single product created and marketed by a commercial vendor. • The TSW is not just a powerful PC loaded with unrelated software applications. • The TSW is an intelligent workstation that supports the intellectual activity of staff.

20. The TSW Operating Environment • The TSW uses a graphic-user-interface. This can be Microsoft Windows or the Macintosh Operating System. • Workstations provide access to a variety of resources, or software applications, through a uniform user interface. • The TSW must have enough power to run multiple applications simultaneously. • Workstations support enhanced editing and inputting capabilities. • Workstations are networked-- to a local area network, to a TCP/IP Ethernet link, and to the Internet.

21. Sample TSW Applications • Cataloging client • Telnet software • Passport for Windows • Word processor • Email client • Web browser • Reference tools/ documentation: Cataloger’s Desktop, dictionaries, including foreign language, atlases, encyclopedias, etc.

22. Client-Server Technology Ethernet Technical Services Workstation: Client LAN, Internet: Server

23. Mainframe Computing Dumb Terminal Dumb Terminal Dumb Terminal Dumb Terminal

24. Characteristics of Clients • Client-server systems make use of distributed computing. • Clients are not bound by a single operating system. • User-interface and client software applications perform most processing functions.

25. Technical Services LAN Internet Mainframe

30. <1651114> Form:mono 2 • 008 ENT: 920903 TYP: s DT1: 1992 DT2: LA • 020 3525203330 • 090 00 PF3931 $b.R44 1992 $cst*20200299 • 100 1 Wessing, Ulf • 245 10 Interpretatio Keronis in Regulam Sancti Benedicti • $b\hUberlieferungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zu Melchior Goldasts • Editio princeps der lateinisch-althochdeutschen Benediktinerregel $cUlf • Wessing • 260 G\hottingen $bVandenhoeck & Ruprecht $cc1992 • 300 874 p. $c25 cm. • 440 0 Studien zum Althochdeutschen $vBd. 18 • 500 Includes the text of Goldast's glossary of Kero's translation of the • Rules of Benedict • 504 Includes bibliographical references (p. [16]-49) • 600 10 Goldast, Melchior $d1578-1635 • 600 10 Goldast, Melchior $d1578-1635. $tAlamannicarum rerum scriptores aliquot • vetusti • 600 00 Benedict $cSaint, Abbot of Monte Cassino $tRegula • 610 20 Benedictines • 650 0 Monasticism and religious orders $xRules • 650 0 German language $yOld High German, 750-1050 • 700 10 Goldast, Melchior $d1578-1635. $tAlamannicarum rerum scriptores aliquot • vetusti

32. Traditional Library Functions • Selection • Acquisitions • Organization • Access • Reference Services • User Education (instruction) • Administration

33. Purpose and Goals: • Every organization must possess a pervasive understanding why it exists (mission statement). Every staff member must have this understanding. In this regard it is a conscious turning away from • the Industrial Revolution; the most important • capital of an organization are its staff, not • machines..

34. Restructuring Around Quality Improvement • Work is transformed and concentrated fully around quality improvement of products and services. This striving toward continuous quality improvement is integrated into the essence of an organization, and this effort implies a complete restructuring of the organization around quality.

35. Changes in Staffing • A department is much more flexible in utilizing staff. • Management takes on a leadership role in coordinating activities, rather than being a source of authority. • Computing is shifted from a remote systems office to individual staff, who are actually responsible for carrying out the work. • New services are created due to a much more responsive work environment. • New demands are made on the skill levels of staff.

37. Planning • Major Transition in Scholarly Communication has Begun • Current Library Practices Cannot be Sustained • Solutions Will Unfold Organically Throughout a • Multi-Year Transition • Strategic Action is Preferable to a Traditional, • Detailed Plan

38. Digital Libraries • The digital library is not a single entity; it is by nature distributed; • The digital library requires technology to link the resources of many; • The linkages between the many digital libraries and information services are transparent to the end users; • Digital libraries provide an intellectually enhanced organization of material • Digital library collections are not limited to document surrogates: they extend to digital artifacts that cannot be represented or distributed in printed formats.

39. Transforming ideas in a new environment From traditional library models to the distributed digital library From traditional library models to the user-centered digital library

40. Functions of a Digital Library Knowledge Mgmt Consultation, Training, Services Information Transfer and Delivery Collection, Storage, Preservation, Access

41. Campus Camputing Infrastructure • Developed enough for digital resources to become a formal part of instruction. Most students have their own Web-capable PCs, and universities now have fast, robust campus-wide networking systems with remote access from home. • Large computing labs of over 400 PCs are now common.

42. Both students and professors are rapidly developing the skills to work in the online environment. Universities like Penn State have developed extensive online resources for setting up their PCs and learning to use the campus Internet infrastructure. • All students at Penn State automatically receive an email account (Eudora) and their own Web space upon enrolling at the university. Penn State now has over 70,000 email accounts.

43. The Move to Fully Digital Instruction • Univ North Carolina Makes Laptops Compulsory“As part of the Carolina Computing Initiative, any freshman who expects to attend classes at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill campus must have their own laptop computer. It is the third campus in the state to set such a requirement for entering students.”