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Vicodin

Vicodin. Farreya Khan Period 3. Common Names. Acetaminophen and hydrocodone Street names: Vikes Hydros Watson387 Structural formula: 4, 5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5). Vicodin Classification. Opiate

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Vicodin

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  1. Vicodin Farreya Khan Period 3

  2. Common Names • Acetaminophen and hydrocodone • Street names: • Vikes • Hydros • Watson387 • Structural formula: • 4, 5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5)

  3. Vicodin Classification • Opiate • a drug with morphine-like effects, derived from opium • Opioid • a type of narcotic pain reliever • bind to opioid receptors in brain and spinal cord • Reduce sending of pain messages to brain • Schedule III • Potential for abuse, less than substances in Schedule I or II • Abuse may lead to moderate/low physical dependence • Abuse may lead to high psychological dependence

  4. History • 1893- first medical use of acetaminophen • 1920- Knoll, German pharmaceutical company discovers hydrocodone • 1934- researcher in US Bureau of Social Hygiene finds reports that hydrocodone can cause addiction • 1955- acetaminophen brought into US • 1971- pure hydrocodone added to Schedule II drugs • 1978- Knoll brings vicodin(5 mg of hydrocodone and 500 mg of acetaminophen) into US • 2002- FDA warns acetaminophen can cause liver damage • 2009- federal advisory panel votes to recommend FDA to ban Vicodin

  5. Production • Vicodin is made from hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen) • Hydrocodone is made by adding a hydrogen atom to codeine • Acetaminophen is made in a reaction between p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride • Vicodin is pretty widespread since it is a legal drug and used commonly for pain relief

  6. The User • There are no “common” users of this drug • Anyone can become addicted • Teens are more susceptible • More easily influenced by environment • Generally, people who have been using vicodin as a prescription begin to depend on the drug more and more • Low-Moderate physical dependence • High psychological dependence • Abuse happens for many reasons • The drug produces a sensation of relaxation and serenity • The drug is obtained mainly by • Prescriptions • Robbery • Dealers

  7. Effects • Vicodin is usually taken orally • It can cause low-moderate physical addiction • It can cause high psychological addiction • Medicinally, it is used as a pain reliever and cough suppressant

  8. Risks • The LD50is about 75 tablets • Emotionally, vicodin gives you a sense of well-being, relaxation, and euphoria • It can also cause dizziness, paranoia, altered sex drive, irritability, and drowsiness • It impairs motor skills • Long-term use can result in liver damage or liver failure • Overdose symptoms include confusion, slowed breathing, and unconsciousness

  9. Detection • Detection depends on an individual’s metabolic rate, body mass, age, overall health, drug tolerance, and urine sample • Saliva: opiates can be detected in saliva for 12 hours-5 days after taking them • Urine: opiates can be detected 2-4 days • Hair: opiates can be detected up to 90 days • One dose of hydrocodone can be detected in urine for 6-24 hours after consumption • It goes undetected by the Coat-A-Count (CAC) test • It is detected by tests such as TDx opiates, abuscreen radioimmunoassay (ABUS), and EMIT opiate assay

  10. Consequences • There is counseling available for those who have addiction problems: • Support groups • Individual counseling • Therapy • Various 12-step programs • Medical care and support • Some that I came across: • Project Know • Michael’s House • Rehab International • Legal consequences: • 5 or less pills = fines, loss of drivers license, up to 18 months in jail • More than 5 pills = up to 5 years in jail • Selling vicodin = 5-10 years in jail or 10-20 years in jail

  11. Sources • http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/narcotic-pain-medications • http://www.mwpuab.com/health-news/the-history-of-vicodin/ • http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/topic/57770/ • http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/index.html • http://www.opiates.com/vicodin/ • http://www.michaelshouse.com/vicodin-addiction/ • http://www.projectknow.com/research/teen-vicodin-rehab/ • http://www.doitnow.org/pages/533.html • http://prescription-drug.addictionblog.org/does-vicodin-show-up-on-drug-tests/ • http://www.newjerseycriminallawattorney.com/CM/DrugCrimes/Vicodin-Possession-IntentToDistribute-PrescriptionForgery.asp • http://www.drugs.com/vicodin.html • http://rehab-international.org/vicodin-addiction/statistics/

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