翻译技巧之 词类转换法

1. 翻译技巧之词类转换法

2. Teaching Procedures I. Review and comments on the students’ assignment II. Converting to verbs III. Converting to nouns IV. Converting to other parts of speech V. Summary VI. Assignments VII. References for further reading

3. Review and comments on the assignment 我喜欢孩子，喜欢花朵，喜欢天使的触摸。 为了那个假惺惺的“祖父母日”的节日， 我还给我的姥姥和奶奶寄过贺卡呢。 我以后再也不干这种事了。 I love children, flowers and touched by an angel. I once even sent cards to my grandmothers for that fake Grandparents Day holiday. That’s not going to happen again. But no matter how much I want to be a normal, manly, over consuming American, I can’t get myself to like dogs. 然而，无论我多么想成为一个正常的、充满阳刚之气的、 大手大脚消费的美国人，我怎么也喜欢不起狗来。

4. I. Review and comments on the assignments 我并不是想讨厌狗， 可我就是不能想象跟某种脏兮兮的，懒兮兮的动物 同居一室。 人怎么能把某个东西喜欢到如此程度， 以致于愿意每天都跟在它屁股后面 用自己的手去捡它拉出来的屎？ 我还没遇到过能让我喜欢的为她 捡屎的女人呢。 这种动物愿意用无条件的爱来换取一点点罐头食品， 这一点，说实话，我觉得有点粗俗。 I don’t want to hate dogs. But I just can’t imagine sharing my apartment with some dirty, dependent animalwilling to trade unconditional love for canned foodthat, to be honest, I find a little salty. How can people love something so much that they are willing to walk behind it and retrieve its feces with their own hands every day? I have yet to meet a woman for whom I’d do that.

5. 我曾经跟一个养了条狗的女人进行过一系列的约会，我曾经跟一个养了条狗的女人进行过一系列的约会， 但多未能取得我预期效果，每一次要跟她亲热， 他总是要走人，说是要回家遛狗去！ 那些狗的主人对我来说是个 百思不得其解的谜。 I.Review and comments on the assignment Dog owners are a mystery to me.I oncewent on a long series of nonproductivedateswith one, and every time we were about to fool aroundshe would have to leave to go home and walk her dog. Hey, wait. I think I just figured out something. 我现在搞懂这是咋回事了：原来她不想跟我亲热啊！

6. 这些主人把宠物送到狗沙龙和狗心理诊所去， 那里的狗精神病医生给就给狗开些狗用的 抗忧郁症的药物。 I.Review and comments on the assignment 六月二十五日是第一个“带狗上班日”。 They send their pets to dog salons and dog psychologists, who prescribe them dog antidepressants. June 25 is the first Take Your Dog to Work Day. June 26 is Why Does This Office Smell Bad? Day. While the homeless go ignored, almost 28.5 million Americans bought their dogs Christmas presents last year. 六月二十六日就成了“‘办公室怎么这么臭？’日”了。 在美国，尽管还有许多人流离失所，无人关心， 而仅去年就有近2850万人在圣诞节给他们的狗 购买圣诞礼物。

7. Review and comments on the assignment 我认识的一个妇人每年都给她的狗们 举行类似犹太男孩成人仪式． 即使是从宗教的角度来看这也是不正确的。 人们还为他们的狗织衣服。 我可从来没有织过什么东西。 A woman I know throws her dogs a Bar Mitzvah every year. That’s not even correct on a religious level. People knit their dogs things. Now I’ve never knitted anything, but it looks like a pretty serious endeavor. If getting married meant knitting something instead of buying a ring, there would be even more out-of –wedlock births. 如果结婚意味着织衣服，而不是买只戒指， 那么就会出现更多的婚外生育。 不过，编织似乎是件很严肃而费劲的事。

8. I. Review and comments on the assignment 狗的主人们，请别买那种带卷轴的牵狗皮带。 这种皮带要占上近40英尺长的人行道。 给自己省点钱吧，你就别用这种皮带来把行人绊倒吧， 干脆用大棒算了。 Dog owners; please don’t buy that leash-on-a-reel thing that takes up 40ft. of sidewalk. Save yourself some money: let your dog run free and use a large stick to trip people with instead. And why do you get offended when I refer to your dog as “it”? Was it supposed to be checking out its genitals the whole time? Or am I just supposed to get some kind of feminine vibe from your bulldog’s strut? 我把你的狗说成无性别区分的“它”的时候 你干吗要生气？ 难道我还得从你那叭儿狗的趾高气扬的步伐中 看出某种女性的气质来吗？

9. I. Review and comments on the assignment 在墨西哥城，狗每年都要给她拉上约120，000吨 的粪便。上个星期，这个城市呼吁狗的主人 在狗便后要打扫干净，因为狗的粪便正在引起 严重的健康问题。 不，从小时候我从没被狗咬过，我也不是被猫养大的。 只是狗让我害怕而且有点让我作呕。 No, I wasn’t bitten by a dog as a kid or raised by cats. It’s just that dogs frighten me and kind of gross me out. Last week Mexico City, upon which dogs drop around 120,000 tons of feces a year, appealed to owners to clean up after their dogs because it was causing major health problems. Plus, dogs are the only animals I know of that are sexually interested in breeds 500 times smaller than them. They’re worse than frat boys. 另外，狗也是我所知道的唯一对比它们体积 小500倍的狗仔感“性”趣的动物。 它们比美国大学生兄弟联谊会的男孩还要坏， 这些小子是以酒后乱交而臭名昭著的。

10. Review and comments on the assignment 我决定，我再也不做自己的恐惧的受害者了。 纽约市的公园管理部宣称，狗对曼哈顿的公园草坪 造成的破坏每年达250，000美元之多。这个部门 准备给主动举报不给狗系皮带的主人的人发手机。 I decided that I’m no longer going to remain a victim of my fears.The New York City parks department,which claims dogs do $250,000 worth of damage each year to park lawns in Manhattan,is going to hand out cell phones to volunteers willing to turn in owners of unleashed dogs.

11. Review and comments on the assignment Parks Commissioner Henry J.Stern told me that he would put me on the list for a phone but that the program hadn’t been started yet because he was waiting for a cell phone company to give him some second-hand ones. 公园负责人亨利 · 斯特恩告诉我，他愿意把我的名字 记在那个发手机的名单上，只是这个计划还没有启动， 因为他正等待着一家手机公司给他一些用过的手机。

12. I. Review and comments on the assignment 我本打算告诉他，这简直就等于等着卖钱狗皮带的公司 淘汰旧的牵狗皮带一样的没门，可我又的确很想要那个 手机，所以就没有把这个想法告诉他。 一见到狗的主人，我就要大声地、令人讨厌的 大谈我是怎么从公园负责人那里刚刚弄到手机 的，而且这还是我用这个手机打的第一个电话。 I was going to tell him just to wait for a leash company to get rid of some old leashes, but I really wanted the phone. I’m not even planning on using it to tattle. Whenever I see a dog owner, I’m going to talk loudly and obnoxiously about how I just bought a cell phone and this is my first call. It’s a dog-eat-dog world. 我甚至就不打算用这个手机来打小报告。 这可是个“狗吃狗”的世界！

13. Review and comments on the assignment 我 干 吗 讨 厌 狗 乔尔.斯特恩 著

14. II. Converting to verbs A. 名词转译成动词 1. They went on strikein demand of a 40 percent wage increase. • 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 2. Give me liberty or give me death. • 不自由， 毋宁死。 3. He is an enemy to reform. • 他反对改革。 4. Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. • 国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。

15. II. Converting to verbs 5. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I. • 恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。 6. The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English. • 操作电脑需要一些英语知识。

16. II. Converting to verbs • B. 介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.） • 1. The road to development is long but we are firmly • on it. • 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。 • 2. He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his • hand. • 他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。 • 3. It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped • areas will be finally off poverty. • 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。 • 4.The company has advertised in the newspaper for • electronic experts. • 公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。

17. II. Converting to verbs • C. 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.） • 1.Integrity means you do what you do • because it’s right and not just fashionable • or politically correct. • 诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。 • 2.Don’t be afraid of those who might have a • better idea or who might even be smarter • than you are. • 不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。 • 3. Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance • of the laboratory equipment? • 史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？

18. II. Converting to verbs D.副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） • 1. What film will be on this evening? • 今晚放映什么影片？ • 2. That book will be out pretty soon. • 那本书不久就要出版了。 • 3. In those years the republicans were in. • 那些年是共和党执政。 • 4. Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. • 安装双层窗御寒。 • E. 动名词转译成动词（gerund---v.） • 1. The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. • 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。

19. III. Converting to nouns • A. v.---n. • 1.The book did not impress me at all. • 那本书没留给我什么印象。 • 2. Harry aims to become a computer expert. • 哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。 • 3. Your work is characterized by lack of attention to • detail. • 你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意） • 4. The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms. • 这台机器的重量是500公斤。

20. III. Converting to nouns • 5. When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected. • 光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射。 • 注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。 • 6.The youths always dream fondly of their future. • 年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。 • 7.Independent observers have commented favorably on • the achievements you have made in this direction. • 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。

21. III. Converting to nouns • B. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ） • 1. The day was cloudy but the sun was • trying to come through. • 天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。 • 2. Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. • 服从命令是军人的天职。 • 3. Many Western people are religious. • 很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。

22. IV. Converting to other parts of speech • 1. You are a greater blockhead than I had • supposed you to be. • 你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.） • 2. Our government shows great concern for • the Chinese resident abroad. • 我国政府十分关心海外华侨。 • 3. His address impressed me deeply. • 他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。 • 4. From the front, back and both sides we • kept a strict watch on the enemy. • 我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。

23. IV. Converting to other parts of speech • 1.He is the right man I’m looking for. • 他正是我在找的人。 • 2.The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the • meter, and that of capacity is the liter. • 重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。 • 3. The machine can dimensionally be changeable • according to consumers’ need. • 机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。 • 4. All you have done is proportional to all you have • achieved. • 你的付出和所得成正比。

24. IV. Converting to other parts of speech • 5. To be independent is an absolute necessity for young • people. • 独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。 • 6. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle • accurately. • 在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。 • 7. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion. • 只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。 • 8. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of • visiting the poor in the city. • 新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。

25. V. Summary 1. Converting to verbs 2. Converting to nouns 3. Converting to other parts of speech

26. VI. Assignments Put the following into English, paying special attention to the selection of words. 大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。所以人们对于大自然大全都一致并深深地依赖着。 尤其是在乡间， 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 种植庄稼和葡萄， 酿酒和饮酒， 喂牛和挤奶， 锄草和栽花； 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜， 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌； 往日的田园依旧是今日温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说， 风俗也就衍传了下来。 说明：本题是2002年全国英语专业八级考试汉译英试题。 翻译时在以下三个方面请特别注意： 1.词汇的选择， 包括词义的理解和词的搭配。 2. 词序。 3. 语篇层次。

27. VI. References for further reading 1. 陈秋劲编著. 英汉互译理论与实践（第一版）. 湖 北：武汉大学出版社，2005. 2. 范仲英编著. 实用翻译教程（第一版）. 北京：外 语教学与研究出版社，2005. 3. 郝丽萍等编著. 实用英汉翻译理论与实践（第一 版）. 北京：机械工业出版社，2006. 4. 叶子南著. 高级英汉翻译理论与实践（第一版）. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001.