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Quasars (Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources)

Quasars (Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources). 10/15/2012 Alec Fisher. Introduction. What are they? How were they discovered, and by whom? How do they work? What do they say about our Universe?. (2) Artists Rendition of a Quasar. The Discovery. The late 1950’s Radio Telescopes Lovell Telescope

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Quasars (Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources)

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  1. Quasars(Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources) 10/15/2012 Alec Fisher

  2. Introduction • What are they? • How were they discovered, and by whom? • How do they work? • What do they say about our Universe? (2) Artists Rendition of a Quasar

  3. The Discovery • The late 1950’s • Radio Telescopes • Lovell Telescope • No objects could be found to match radio signatures (3) The Dwingeloo Radio Telescope

  4. 3C 48 - 1960 • First of these faint radio sources to have an object with it • Many unknown emission lines • Astronomer John Bolton said Red-Shifted (4) Quasar 3C 48 viewed in the Radio Spectrum

  5. 3C 273 - 1962 • Object was expected to make 5 occultations with the moon • Astronomers Cyril Hazard and John Bolton use Parkes Radio Telescope • Maarten Schmidt uses 200 inch Hale to obtain optical spectrum • Shifted Hydrogen

  6. (5)Spectral lines becoming progressively more redshifted

  7. What does this huge redshift imply for quasars? • 3C 48 red shifted .378 and Quasars have been • found with redshift as high as z=7 • Very far away • Farthest Quasar away is 12.9 Billion light years • Hubble’s Law

  8. Why so Luminous? • 3C 273 has an absolute magnitude of -26.7 and 4 trillion times brighter than the sun. • Most luminous objects in the known universe • Appear as point sources, like stars, as opposed to extended sources, such as galaxies • Unknown form of antimatter • White holes

  9. What exactly are these objects? • Accretion disk models were successfully completed in the 1970s • The energy emitted in relativity jets would explain why Quasars are so luminous • Can convert 10% of mass into energy, as opposed to p-p chain nuclear fusion.

  10. Active Galactic Nucleus! • Quasi-stellar objects are the active nuclei inside newly formed galaxies. • Accretion disk on the supermassive black hole in the nucleus. • Periods of growth for the black hole. (6) An artists drawing of a Quasar and a Blazar

  11. Why aren’t all galaxies quasars? • Need to consume at least 10 solar masses • Most Luminous consume 600 Earths a minute • Become normal galaxies after material is exhausted. (9) What we think the milky way galaxy looks like

  12. How does this knowledge help us? • Objects appear to us how they did at the beginning of the universe. • Lets us see how galaxies act at the beginning of their creation. • Proved Einstein’s theory of General Relativity.

  13. (10) Curvature of Space-Time (11) Twin Quasar that proves Einstein’s Theory (12) The Einstein Cross

  14. Conclusion • Quasars are active galactic nuclei that are extremely bright and distance, making them useful reference points in establishing a measurement grid on the night sky.

  15. References • (1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#History_of_observation • (2)http://www.google.com/imgres?q=quasar&num=10&um=1&hl=en&biw=1600&bih=775&tbm=isch&tbnid=9HdPRtqY0sGyaM:&imgrefurl • (3)http://www.flickr.com/photos/59371508@N07/galleries/72157628248518759/ • (4)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_48 • (5) http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age14-16/Astronomy/text/Red_shift/index.html • (6)http://astronomycentral.co.uk/most-distant-quasar-discovered/ • (7)http://www.astronomy.com/en/News-Observing/Ask%20Astro/2011/01/Blazar%20vs,-d-,%20quasar.aspx • (8)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole • (9)http://www.astronomy-blog.com/blogs/permalinks/8-2006/hidden-milky-way-deuterium-found.html • (10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens • (11)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_QSO • (12)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_Cross

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