Frontal Lobe and Phineus Gage

1. Frontal Lobe and Phineus Gage • How did Gage’s accident affect him? Phineas Gage Movie

3. Cerebral Cortex and Language • Aphasia: impairment of language, usually caused by damage to the left hemisphere to the brain either in Broca’s or Wernicke’s area: Broca’s Area:directs the muscle movements involved in speech Broca's Aphasia Wernicke’s Area: involved in language comprehension Wernicke's Aphasia Wernicke's Aphasia 2

4. Brain Reorganization • Plasticity: the brain’s capacity for modification as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development brain plasticity

5. The Divided Brain • Corpus Callosum: large bundle of neural fibers that allows the two sides of the brain to communicate. Carries messages between the two hemispheres. • Cutting it leads to split brains.

6. Specialization of the Cerebral Hemispheres Right Hemisphere Left Hemisphere • Repetitive but not spontaneous speaking • Spontaneous speaking and writing • Responses to simple commands • Responses to complex commands • Facial recognition • Word recognition • Memory for shapes and music • Memory for words and numbers • Spatialinterpretation • Sequences of movements • Emotional responsiveness • Feelings of anxiety • Negative emotion • Positive emotion

7. FRONT LEFT HEMISPHERE RIGHT HEMISPHERE linear (step by step) holistic (big picture) sequential random logical intuitive language non-verbal algebra geometry spatial facial recognition musical BACK

8. Left Brain? Right Brain? ONE BRAIN VERY WELL CONNECTED.

9. KEY NAMES Unit 2: Biological Bases of Behavior

10. key name Paul BROCA 1824-1880 • Discovered that a structure in the left frontal lobe controls language production. This structure is now known as “Broca’s”

11. key name Carl WERNICKE 1848-1905 • Discovered that a structure in the left temporal lobe controls language comprehension. This structure is now known as “Wernicke’s”

12. key name Roger SPERRY 1913-1994 • 1981 Nobel Prize Winner (medicine) for split-brain research

13. Quick experiment! You’ll need: 2 pens or pencils & a sheet of scratch paper Split Brain Experiments Man With Two Brains

14. Another type of experiment performed with split brain patients uses chimeric figures left visual field sees the face of a woman right visual field sees the face of a man information from the left visual field is processed in the information from the right visual field is processed in the right hemisphere left hemisphere When a split brain patient is asked to point to a whole, normal picture of the face that was just seen in the left visual field, the patient will usually pick out the woman's picture by pointing with his/her However, if the patient is required to say whether the picture was a man or a woman, the patient will SAY that the picture was of a man. Therefore, depending on what the patient is required to do, either the right or left hemisphere will dominate. In this case, when speech is not required, the right hemisphere will dominate for recognition of faces. left hemisphere right hemisphere Can point at face of woman with __________ hand Can point at face of man with __________ hand left right Can verbally describe the picture (Broca’s & Wernicke’s are in the left hem)

15. Brain Plasticity A hemispherectomy is a powerful example of the brain’s ability to “rewire” itself

16. Memorize the Parts of the Brain