1. Violent Land The West and the Civil War of Incorporation

2. The Frontier and Industrialization • Mining Operations • “Gold Rushes” and Placer Operations • Boom Towns and “Ghost Towns” • Corporate Mining • The Anaconda Mine, Butte, Montana • Immigrants and the Division of Labor

3. The Railroads, Eastern Tables and Western Beef • Pacific Railroad Act (1861) • Eastern Tables and Western Beef: The Cattle Kingdoms • Pork vs. Beef • Texas Longhorns “8 lbs of hamburger on 800 lbs. of bone and horn.” • Joseph G. McCoy and the Chisolm Trail • Gustavus Swift • Cattle Corporations

4. Agricultural Empire • Why did pioneers “go west?” • The Homestead Act (1862) • Homesteaders • Western farmers and the Capitalist Economy • Financial backing • Costs • Markets

5. “What an Unbranded Cow has Cost”—Frederick Remington

6. Violent Land? • Why the West was a violent place. • Demographic roots— “Surplus males” • “Honor cultures” • Vigilantism • The doctrine of “no duty to retreat.” • The Western Civil War of Incorporation (1870-1920) • Pro Incorporation (northern, Republican) • “Resisters” (Texan, Southern, Democrat)

7. Placer Operations

8. Western Mining Regions and “Ghost Towns”

9. American Overland Route

10. Cattle Trails Chisolm Trail Western Trail

11. Gustavus Swift

12. Chrisman Sisters

13. The David Hilton family

15. Wild Bill Hickock Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp, 1877

16. Jesse James as adult Jesse James at 16

17. James gang members killed at Northfield raid.

18. Jesse James at death