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Tissues

Tissues. Chapter 5. Tissues . Groups of cells to perform specialized structural and functional roles. 4 major types of tissues: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Epithelial Tissue. EpT. Epithelial Tissue.

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues Chapter 5

  2. Tissues • Groups of cells to perform specialized structural and functional roles

  3. 4 major types of tissues: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  4. Epithelial Tissue EpT

  5. Epithelial Tissue • Cover all body surfaces both interior and exterior, the major tissue of most organs

  6. This tissue has two sides, one free side, and one attached by a basement membrane. • Lacks blood vessels

  7. Functions • Secretion • Absorption • Excretion • Sensory reception • protection

  8. Types Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Pseudostratified columnar Stratified squamous Transitional epithelium

  9. 1. Simple squamous • Single layer of thin flattened cells. • Cells are tightly packed • Nuclei are broad and thin • Located in areas of diffusion

  10. 2. Simple cuboidal • Single layer of cubed cells • Centrally located spherical nucleus • Located in areas of secretion

  11. 3. Simple Columnar • Single layer of elongated cells • Nuclei located in a line near the basement membrane

  12. Located in the linings of most organs • Thick for protection • Microvilli for increased surface area • Goblet cells to produce mucus.

  13. 4. Pseudostratified Columnar • Appear layered (Are NOT!) • Nuclei are located at more than one level • Goblet cells spread throughout

  14. Cilia to keep mucus moving • Located in tubes for transport (not vessels)

  15. 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Many layers of cells making a relatively thick tissue • Cells reproduce in deep layers, older cells are pushed outward to die and be sloughed off.

  16. Located in areas of exposure • Contains the protein keratin in areas of outward exposure

  17. 6. Transitional Epithelium • Specialized to deal with changing tension. • When an organ is contracted the cells appear layered • Lining may stretch to 1 cell thick.

  18. Connective Tissue CT

  19. Connective Tissue • The most abundant tissue type by weight. • Tissue varies in consistency from liquid semi-solid solid.

  20. Well nourished by its own blood supply

  21. Functions • Provides support • Serves as framework • Fills spaces • Stores fat • Produces blood cells

  22. 6. Provides protection against infection 7. Helps repair tissue damage

  23. Each CT is made up of cells and fibers.

  24. Cell Types • Resident cells: present in stable numbers • Wandering cells: appear temporarily in injured tissues • Mast cells: large, widely distributed, release heparin and histamine.

  25. Fiber Types • Collagenous: relatively thick, flexible but not very elastic, withstands a pulling force. (tendon) • Elastic: not as strong but very elastic (vocal) • Reticular: very thin, highly branched, form delicate supporting networks.

  26. CT types • Loose CT (areolar): • binds skin to underlying organs • fills spaces between muscle • contains numerous blood vessels • Layered fibers separated by a gel-like substance

  27. 2. Adipose (fat): • Store fats in droplets • Found beneath the skin, between muscles, and around organs • Used for protection and insulation

  28. 3. Fibrous CT: • Poor blood supply • Densely packed tissue • Withstand strong pulling force

  29. 4. Cartilage: • Rigid CT • Chondrocytes develop in lacunae • Covered in perichondrium • Blood supplied by perichondrium

  30. Cartilage types: • Hyaline: delicate, trachea • Elastic: flexible, ears • Fibrocartilage: shock absorbing, intervertebral discs

  31. 5. Bone: • Most rigid CT • Due to mineral salts

  32. 6. Blood: • Most fluid • Function in transport and regulation • Components: • Plasma: fluid • RBC: carry oxygen • WBC: immune function • Platelets: cellular particles

  33. Muscle Tissue MT

  34. Muscle Tissue • Contractile fibers • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac

  35. Nervous Tissue NT

  36. Nervous Tissue • Highly conductive • Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves • Neurons: individual nerve cells • Neuroglial cells: support cells, connect neurons to blood vessels

  37. Look over the Aids to understanding.

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