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Ancient Indian Civilizations and Society

Explore the early civilizations of India, including the importance of the Indus River Valley, the rise of the Aryan people, and the caste system that shaped society. Discover fascinating details about agriculture, technology, and social structures in ancient India.

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Ancient Indian Civilizations and Society

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  1. Section #6.1“India’s Early Civilizations”p194-201

  2. The Land of India

  3. 1. What mountains separate India from the rest of Asia? The Himalaya Mountains

  4. 2. What are the names of the two river valley’s in India? Ganges River Valley andIndus River Valley

  5. 3. What do you call the strong wind that blows one direction in the winter and the opposite direction in summer? monsoon

  6. 4. Why do farmers celebrate when the summer monsoon comes? It brings heavy rains that ensure good crops

  7. 5. What happens if the monsoons are delayed in India? There can be a drought

  8. What do you call a long period of time when there is a shortage of water? 6. drought

  9. Why did the earliest civilizations in India start in the river valley? 7. There was fertile soil

  10. Describe the chain of civilization in the early Indus River Valley. 8. • Rich and fertile soil helped grow good crops • The surplus of food allowed people to do other things than farm • People began to trade (food and other items) • Cities grew

  11. Name the two major cities of the Indus River Valley civilization. 9. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

  12. Why did the people in the Indus River Valley build a fortress near the city? 10. For protection – to keep guard for the residents

  13. What material was used to build most houses in the Indus River Valley? 11. Bricks made from mud

  14. Why did the people in the Indus River Valley build a fortress near the city? 12. For protection – to keep guard for the residents

  15. Name 2 “modern” conveniences that could be found in homes in the Indus River Valley 13. • indoor bathrooms • well water- garbage chutes inside houses • a drainage system

  16. What was the main occupation of most Harappans? 14. They were farmers

  17. Name 3 of the major crops of farmers. 15. Rice, wheat, barley, peas and cotton

  18. What types of products were made by artisans in Harrapa? 16. copper and bronze toolsclay potterycotton clothjewelry made from gold, shells & ivory

  19. The Aryans

  20. 17. Historians believe that the Harappan civilization collapsed because of ___ and ___ Floods and earthquakes

  21. 18. Before coming to India, where did the Aryan people live? Central Asia

  22. 19. What was the most prized possession of Aryans? cattle

  23. 20. Why were cattle considered a prized possession of Aryans? - they provided meat, milk and butter- they were used as money

  24. 21. What skills made Aryans good warriors? They were expert horse riders and good hunters

  25. The Aryans were nomadic hunters. What is a nomadic hunter? 22. Someone who moves from place to place following the animal they hunt

  26. How did life change for the Aryans after they moved into India? 23. They stopped being nomads and became farmers

  27. How did the Aryans regard cattle after moving to India? 24. Cattle became sacred and it was forbidden to use them for food.

  28. Name some examples of Aryan technology. 25. - Invention of an iron plow- Built canals as irrigation systems- Invention of a written language

  29. What was the name of the Aryan written language? 26. Sanskrit

  30. The Aryan people were divided into ___ 27. tribes

  31. What do you call the leaders of the Aryan tribes? 28. raja

  32. What is another name for a raja? 29. prince

  33. How did canals help the people in the Ganges River valley? 30. It helped irrigate the land – making better farmland

  34. Society in Ancient India

  35. 31. A social system that you are born into and cannot change is called a ___ caste

  36. 32. What term do people in India use instead of the word “caste system?” jati

  37. 33. What are 3 things dictated for people by the caste system in India? - what job a person can have- who a person can marry- with whom a person can eat or drink

  38. 34. It is believed that in ancient times ___ influenced who was placed in which caste a person was placed in skin color

  39. 35. The caste (jati) system divides people into 4 groups/levels called ___ varnas

  40. Place the social levels (varnas) in the correct place: 36. unskilled workers & servants common people priests warriors & rulers

  41. Place the social levels (varnas) in the correct place: 36. priests warriors & rulers common people unskilled workers & servants

  42. 37. What was the name of the group that didn’t belong to any varna? The Untouchables

  43. What kinds of work would an untouchable perform? 38. picking up trashhandling dead bodiesskinning animals

  44. Why is life difficult for an Untouchable? 39. • They had to live apart from everyone else • People didn’t want to be anywhere near an Untouchable

  45. 40. How do we know that family was important to the people in ancient India? Extended families all lived together

  46. 41. Who was the “head” of the family in ancient India? The oldest male

  47. 42. What rights did a male have that a female did not in ancient India? Men could: - inherit property - go to school - become priests

  48. What do you call a teacher in ancient India? 43. guru

  49. What is one major difference between marriage in India and marriage in the United States? 44. Parents arrange the marriage (decide who you will marry)

  50. Explain the practice called suttee 45. If an important man died he would be cremated and it was expected that his wife would throw herself into the funeral flames.

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