Chapter 5: The Caribbean

1. Chapter 5: The Caribbean

2. Learning Objectives • Explain the historical and cultural linkages that define the cultural, economic and political boundaries of this complex region. • Examine the role primary commodities and tourism play in the Caribbean economy. • Discuss the relationships between the Caribbean and the rest of the Western Hemisphere (i.e., Latin America and the United States) Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

3. Isolated Proximity Rimland Greater and Lesser Antilles Hurricanes Diaspora Circular and Chain Migration Transnationalism Houseyards Creolization Plantation America Mono-crop Production Indentured Labor Maroon Societies Monroe Doctrine Neocolonialism Free Trade Zones Offshore Banking Capital Leakage Key Concepts Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

4. Setting the Boundaries • 25 countries and dependent territories • Caribbean Islands, Belize (Central America) and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana in South America) • Isolated Proximity • Contributes to cultural diversity, limited or dependent economic opportunity and transnationalism Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

5. The Caribbean Figure 5.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

6. Environmental Issues - Overview Figure 5.4 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

7. Environmental Issues (cont’d) • Deforestation • Rimland Forest and Coastal Management • Failed Urban Infrastructure Figure 5.3 – Deforestation in Haiti Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

8. Figure 5.5 Physical Setting Identify the “Rimland” of the Caribbean. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

9. The Caribbean Sea • Link between islands and mainland • Greater Antilles • Lesser Antilles • Rimland States Figure 5.6 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

10. Figure 5.8 Climate Examine the climographs. What climatic characteristic exhibits seasonality? Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

11. Vegetation Figure 5.9 – El Yunque, Puerto Rico • Tropical Forests • Tropical Savannas • Palm Savannas • Mangrove Swamps Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

12. Hurricanes Figure 5.2.1 Figure 5.2.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

13. Population and Settlement Figure 5.10 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

14. Demographic Indicators - Fertility Since 1960s: Fertility Decline Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

15. The Caribbean Diaspora Figure 5.12 • Emigration • Circular Migration • Chain Migration • Transnationalism Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

16. Settlement Patterns - Rural Figure 5.13 • Shaped by plantation agriculture and subsistence farming • Impact of slavery • Lesser Antilles: Houseyards • Subsistence • Matriarchal Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

17. Caribbean Cities Old Havana • Since 1960s • Rural-to-Urban Migration • Colonial influence in urban structure and architecture • Similarities to Latin American city structure Figure 5.3.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

18. Caribbean Cultural Diversity • Complex Mix of Cultures • European • African • Asian • Amerindian • Creolization Figure 5.16 Linguistic, Religious & Ethnic Diversity Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

19. Cultural Imprint of Colonialism • Plantation America • Mono-Crop Production • e.g., sugarcane • Asian Immigration • Indentured Labor • South Asian Figure 5.15 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

20. Transatlantic Slave Trade Figure 5.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

21. African Diaspora – The Maroons Figure 5.5.1 • Communities of runaway slaves • Survival of African traditions • Pressures to modernize • Land conflict between Maroons and private/state interests Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

22. African Diaspora - Religion Figure 5.19 What other spatial distribution corresponds with the patterns shown on this map? Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

23. Creolization Figure 5.21 • Blending of African, European and Amerindian cultural elements • Language and Music Figure 5.4.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

24. Geopolitical Framework From Colonialism to Neocolonialism Figure 5.23 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

25. U.S. Presence in the Caribbean Figure 5.24 • Monroe Doctrine • “American Backyard” • Puerto Rico • Cuba Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

26. Agriculture • Historic base • Environmental degradation • Lack of opportunity to expand • Shift away from mono-crop dependence • Sugar, coffee and bananas Figure 5.26 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

27. Industrial Development • Free Trade Zones (FTZs) • Duty free and tax-exempt industrial parks • Foreign corporations • Attractive location for assembly plants Figure 5.27 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

28. Offshore Banking • Tax-exempt and confidential • Specialized services • Dates to 1920s: the Bahamas • The Cayman Islands Figure 5.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

29. Tourism Figure 5.29 Figure 5.30 – Nassau, the Bahamas Figure 5.31 – Montego Bay, Jamaica Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

30. Tourism Issues in the Caribbean • Capital Leakage • Gap between gross receipts and total tourist dollars that remain in the region • Corporate headquarters outside region • Promotes stronger environmental laws and regulation • Less destructive than traditional export agriculture Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

31. Social Development Importance of Education Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff