Why is it important?

2. Why is it important? • The industrial revolution changed human life drastically • Before the industrial revolution, technology pretty much stayed the same from 2000 years ago until the mid 1700s • More things have been created in the last 250 years than all of time put together

3. What was it? • The Industrial Revolution was an extreme change in the way goods were produced • Goods used to be hand made • Machines: • Invented to replace human labor • More efficient at producing goods • increased production and changed the world forever

4. QUESTION What does it mean when I say “increased production”? Why would having more goods made in a shorter time change the world?

5. Production Changes • New energy sources were created to power the new machines • Water, Steam, Electricity, Oil • People began using more metals and minerals for production and power • Aluminum, Coal, Copper, Iron

6. Transportation Changes • Transportation improved: • Ships • first were made of wood, now made of Iron, and later, steel • Sails were replaced by steam power • Trains were created • And later, automobiles

8. Communication Changes • Communication Improves!!! • Telegraph • Radio • Telephone

11. Work Changes • “Factory System” of production invented • Before the factory system, people lived where they worked • Factory machines were too big to keep in a house, so large buildings (factories) were built • People traveled to the factories to work for the day, and then went home at night

12. Living Changes • Urbanization occurred • People moved from farms to the cities so that they could work in the factories • New “classes” formed, now there were: • a working class • a middle class • a wealthy industrial class

13. Percent of people in England living in Cities

14. Capitalists Politicians Factory Owners & Managers Factory Workers City Workers Farmers

15. Economic Changes • Mass production meant large amounts of goods were being produced • More goods, more variety • Capitalism is fully developed

16. Background of the Industrial Revolution • Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment lead to new ideas, and people shared those ideas • People now knew more about the world and science than ever before • This leads to a huge growth in technology

17. Production before Industrial Revolution • Before the industrial revolution, businessmen delivered the “raw materials” to workers homes • People then produced goods from within their homes

18. Factory System • Replaced the Domestic System • Faster • Workers were concentrated in a set location • Production anticipated demand

19. QUESTION What does “Production anticipated Demand” mean? • Factory owners knew that they would not sell 5,000 shirts right away, but made what they knew they could eventually sell • This allowed them to take time to produce other things after the shirts were done

21. England: Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution • Slow, gradual changes in England started in the 1700s • After 1750, the changes grew

22. Why England ? • Stable Government • Middle and Business Classes • Stable Banking Systems • Island (preservation) • Geography • Colonies • Agricultural Stability • Abundant water • Abundant coal

23. Why England ?

24. England’s Resources: Capital (Money) • The revolution made many English merchants wealthy • The merchants now had extra money, or “Capital,” to buy buildings, machines, and raw materials to get factories going

25. England’s Resources:Colonies • England had more colonies than any other nation • The colonies were a huge source of raw materials

26. QUESTION Can you think of some example resources that England got from its colonies? Cotton – from the Americas Silk – From China

27. England’s Resources: Raw Materials • England had a large amount of Coal to power steam engines and other machines • England also had a lot of Iron

28. England’s Resources: Merchant Marine • England had the world’s largest merchant fleet

29. England’s Resources: Geography • England has excellent harbors and ports • A damp climate helped the cloth industry because thread would not dry out

30. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

31. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

32. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention”

33. “Necessity Is the Mother of Invention” • The process of inventing never ends • One invention inevitably leads to improvements upon it and to more inventions

34. WAIT!!! THINK!!! Progress leads to more Progress Think about the world’s first computers and compare them to what they have now Think about the worlds first cell phones. Cell phones were originally just made for fast communication in business. Soon after, people saw that the cell phone was more useful than just for business. DO NOT WRITE

37. The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

38. The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry

39. Steam Power • Before steam power, the only water power used was a “water wheel” • But if a river flooded or dried up, the wheel would not be useful

40. Steam Power • 1st steam engine was created in 1704, use to pump water from mines • By 1769, a steam engine that could power machines was created

42. Coal & Iron • From 1770-1800, coal production went from 6 million to 12 million tons

43. Steel • Before the Industrial Revolution, Steel was difficult and expensive to produce • Henry Bessemer developed the Bessemer process, which made the production of steel faster and less expensive

44. Transportation

45. Transportation • Strong, hard roads were invented around 1820 • This eliminated gravel and dirt roads

47. Railroads • From 1830 to 1870, England went from having 49 miles of railroad tracks to 15,000 miles • In 1830 – the “rocket” train traveled 40 miles in 1.5 hours

50. Communication