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10 år med skifergas i Canada - hvad kan vi lære?

10 år med skifergas i Canada - hvad kan vi lære? . Per Kent Pedersen Department of Geoscience University of Calgary . Skifergas: Trussel eller mulighed for Danmark, Ingeniørforeningen Danmark, May 13, 2013. Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. +730,000 Wells. 15,231 wells drilled in 2012

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10 år med skifergas i Canada - hvad kan vi lære?

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  1. 10 år med skifergas i Canada- hvad kan vi lære? Per Kent Pedersen Department of Geoscience University of Calgary Skifergas: Trussel eller mulighed for Danmark, Ingeniørforeningen Danmark, May 13, 2013

  2. Western Canada Sedimentary Basin +730,000 Wells 15,231 wells drilled in 2012 or 26,645,125m ≈ 27,000km or ~2 times through the Earth NWT Alberta Up to 7 km thick Phanerozoic strata Manitoba Saskatchewan British Columbia North Dakota Montana 100 km

  3. North American Gas and Oil Shale Plays • Next 5 – 10 years • ~100,000 wells • 1 – 2 million hydraulic fracks http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/2wh9Q1Alh3q2zMOQRKD4MQ/MarkZoback_ShaleGas101.pdf

  4. Fracking High-pressure water with sand and additives is injected into the reservoir to open or create fractures. Newly created fractures are propped open by injected sand increasing permeability and allowing gas to be produced. http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/oilgas/shalegas/hydraulicfracturing.html

  5. Fracking History • +100 years of fracking • Old dynamite trick • Canada +60 years of large scale hydraulic fracing history in vertical wells • +175,000 oil and gas wells have been hydraulically fractured in Canada • From 250 to 4000 m depth • No evidence of drinking water contamination • One case being investigated if fracking of coal seam at 250 m depth entered ground water

  6. Fracking History • Horizontal hydraulic fractured wells • Improved technology lead to large increase in use since 2003 www.NEB.ca

  7. 2012 Horizontal Wells in Western Canada Alberta Deloitte 2013 Saskatchewan Manitoba British Columbia Modified from Dave Russum, Deloitte 2013

  8. Montney Shale Play • 300 by 130 km fairway • 300 m thick at 1.5-3 km • 700 TCF of gas in place • 200-350 BCF/mile2 gas • +2000 HZ multistage fracked wells BMO 2011 BMO 2011 BMO 2011

  9. Montney Shale Play Montney Fm • Smaller and larger number of frack stages • Fresh water consumption decreased • Waste water used • recycling Montney Fm BMO 2011 Canadian Discovery 2013

  10. Montney Shale Play • Evolution from single well pads to multi-well from each pad • Up to 18 wells/pad • Longer reach wells • From 1.6 to 3.2km long horizontal legs • One pad drains an area of up to 10 km2 • Central facilities • Drilling and completion • Production and pipelines 5 km

  11. Geometry of Induced Fractures http://www.csur.com 1200 m

  12. Geometry of Induced Fractures Surficial, freshwater aquifer depth Ground Surface Hydraulically-fractured shale Depth of horizontal well trajectory • - data from 1000’s of shale gas hydraulic fracturing treatments Fisher and Warpinski, 2011, SPE 145949 Kevin, Fisher,,American Oil and Gas Reporter, July 2010

  13. Fracturing of Existing Faults • Induced fractures commonly contained within a few hundred meters around the well bore Duhault (2012)

  14. BC Government Report Investigating Fracturing Induced Earthquakes Horn River Basin study • 8000 hydraulic fracture treatments were completed with no associated seismicity • The NRCan seismicity was caused by hydraulic fracturing near pre-existing faults • None caused any injury, property damage, or posed any risk to public safety or the environment • All events confined to the target shales, no effects on shallow aquifers were identified • Report Recommendations • Improve the accuracy of the NRCan Network • Review geological data to identify pre-existing faulting • Establish induced seismicity monitoring reporting procedures and requirements • Install ground motion sensors near populated area • Deploy portable high density arrays near frac operations • Require the submission of microseismic reports • Study the relationship between hydraulic fracture parameters and seismicity

  15. Gas in Shallow Aquifers • Gas is common in shallow aquifers • Can form large economic accumulations • Shallow gas • Coal Bed Methane • Outcropping organic rich shales • Upper Devonian Antrim Shale in the Michigan Basin • Commonly Biogenic in origin Osbourn et al., 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100682108

  16. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers Recommendations 2012 Industry through CAPP has recommended: • Hydraulic Fracturing Operating Practices • Fracturing fluid additive disclosure • Fracturing fluid additive risk management • Baseline groundwater testing • Wellbore construction • Water sourcing and reuse • Fluid handling, transport and disposal

  17. Gaining the Public Thrusts • Public Access to data allows independent review and research • Drilling information • Cores and core analysis data • Well logs • Pipeline locations, etc. • Fracking water composition • http://fracfocus.ca/ • Production data • Gas, oil, water rates • Composition

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