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Lecture Outline

Lecture Outline. Aggression: What is it? Types of aggression Causes of aggression. Is It Aggression?. A hit man kills an unfaithful husband for 1,000 dollars. A jealous man kills his wife and her lover. A prison ward executes a criminal. A depressed person commits suicide.

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Lecture Outline

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  1. Lecture Outline • Aggression: What is it? • Types of aggression • Causes of aggression

  2. Is It Aggression? • A hit man kills an unfaithful husband for 1,000 dollars • A jealous man kills his wife and her lover A prison ward executes a criminal A depressed person commits suicide A man mentally rehearses a murder A hunter kills an animal for a trophy A Girl Scout tries to help an elderly women cross the street, but trips her by accident A person punches a hole in the wall in anger One person calls another a racial slur A person slams a door shut after an argument cp

  3. Aggression: What is it? • Any form of behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment • Behavior • Directed toward a living organism • Intentional • Victim motivated to avoid harm cp

  4. Types of Aggression • 1. Instrumental aggression: A means to an end Intentional harm for purpose other than desire to inflict harm cp

  5. Examples of Instrumental Aggression • A hit man kills an unfaithful husband for 1,000 dollars A prison ward executes a criminal A hunter kills an animal for a trophy An American soldier kills an Iraqi soldier cp

  6. Types of Aggression • 2. Hostile aggression: Aggression IS the end goal Intentional harm done for purpose of inflicting harm cp

  7. Examples of Hostile Aggression • A jealous man kills his wife and her lover One person calls another a racial slur

  8. Self-Esteem: valuing yourself • Narcissism: inflated view of self

  9. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality

  10. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality High in Narcissism Low in Narcissism More aggressive

  11. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality • 2. Aversive (unpleasant) situations • provocation

  12. Provocation StudyO’Leary & Dengerink (1973) • Computer programmed to give: • consistently high shocks • shocks of increasing intensity • shocks of decreasing intensity • consistently low shocks

  13. Consistently low shock • What level shock did the • participant give in return? 4.0 3.5 3.0 Shock Given By Participant 2.5 2.0 1.5 1 2 3 4 Trial Consistently high shock Increasing shock Decreasing shock cp

  14. Causes of Aggression • 1. Narcissistic Personality • 2. Aversive (unpleasant) situations • provocation • hot temperatures

  15. Temperature and Violent CrimeAnderson (1987) • Temperature associated with… • murder • rape • aggravated assault • Temperature not associated with… • robbery • burglary • motor vehicle theft

  16. Temperature • Violent crime higher when it’s hot outside • Implication: • Hot cities should have many more violent crimes than cold cities

  17. Hotopolis vs. Coolton Hotopolis Coolton • Pop. 600,000 • Hot days: 70 • Pop. 600,000 • Hot days: 30 • 4 more murders in Hotopolis • 14 more rapes in Hotopolis • 122 more assaults in Hotopolis

  18. Alternative Explanations • Culture: More crimes in south than north because south more steeped in a “culture of violence” • Demographics: Temperature doesn’t matter. Age, race, SES of South is what matters • Idle hands: More crimes summer than winter because children out of school and adults on vacation cp

  19. Hot Temperature StudyAnderson et al., (1997) • Looked at relationship between temperature and crime from 1950 - 1995 • Findings rule out each alternative explanations…………………

  20. RESULTS • 1. Violent crime higher in hotter summers than cooler summers in both South and North (rules out culture) • 2. Violent crimes higher in hotter summers than cooler summers in the same cities (rules out demographics) • 3. Violent crime higher in hotter summers than cooler summers even though in both summers kids are not in school and adults take vacations (rules out idle hands) cp

  21. Global Warming • Increases of 2 - 8 degrees • Increase in temperature should result in increase in violent crime

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