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Judaism

Judaism. The first monotheistic religion. Sinai Peninsula. Where are Jews Located Today?. Founding Fathers. Abraham ~ 2000 BCE Considered the first Hebrew. First person to believe in one God. Moses ~1300 BCE Ten Commandments were revealed to him on Mt Sinai.

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Judaism

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  1. Judaism The first monotheistic religion.

  2. Sinai Peninsula

  3. Where are Jews Located Today?

  4. Founding Fathers • Abraham ~ 2000 BCE • Considered the first Hebrew. • First person to believe in one God. • Moses ~1300 BCE • Ten Commandments were revealed to him on • Mt Sinai. • Moses was the man who led his people out of Egypt. This movement is known as the Exodus.

  5. Ten Commandments • The Ten Commandments given to Moses are these: • 1. You shall have no other Gods before me. • 2. You shall not make idols. • 3. You shall not take the Lord’s name in vain. • 4. You shall honor the Sabbath. • 5. You shall honor your parents. • 6. You shall not murder. • 7. You shall not commit adultery • 8. You shall not steal. • 9. You shall not commit perjury. • 10. You shall not covet.

  6. Who is the Jewish God? • Jews believe in a single, omniscient (all knowing), omnipotent (all powerful), omnipresent (in all places at all times), benevolent God who created the universe and continues to be involved in its governance. • This God is just and merciful and has no form or representation.

  7. Creation Story • Jews believe it took God six days to create the world and everything in it. • On the seventh day God rested. The Creation of the Heavens Michelangelo

  8. Sacred Text ~ Torah • The first five books of the Hebrew Bible which presents the Mosaic law and moral codes. • Torah comes from the Hebrew word for “instruction.” • Always written in Hebrew • 613 Commandments • Rules for moral conduct: Ten Commandments

  9. Who is a Jew? • Traditional Jewish Law: a Jew is anyone • born of a Jewish mother or converted in • accordance with Jewish Law. • Judaism maintains that a Jew, whether by birth or conversion, is a Jew forever. • All Jews consider themselves to be descendants • of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

  10. Holy Days • Passover-Spring • Rosh Hashanah-Creation of the World • Yom Kippur-Day of Atonement-most important • Marked by Jews in several ways: • They abstain from food or drink for 25 hours • They do not wear perfume • They don't have sex • They don't wash • They don't wear leather shoes Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1878, depicting Ashkenazi Jews praying in the synagogue on Yom Kippur, the Jewish day of atonement.

  11. Rituals • Sabbath • The weekly holy day-sundown Friday to sundown Saturday-reserved for worship and attention to family and community.

  12. Rituals • Bar Mitzvah & Bat Mitzvah • Respectively mean “son” and “daughter” of the Commandment. • Religious rites of passage for thirteen-year-old boys • and twelve-year-old girls. • After the ceremony, they are fully responsible in the eyes of God and are seen as adult members of the congregation.

  13. Kosher • Kashruth (kashroot) • Very specific dietary laws regarding food restrictions as well as proper animal slaughter.

  14. Where Do Jews Pray? • Synagogue • Central place for worship and the place where • customs, religious practice and faith are maintained

  15. Dress • Yarmulke • Covering the head is regarded more as a custom rather than a commandment. It is a common pious practice to cover the head at all times, it is not religiously mandatory

  16. Diaspora • The Jews who live outside of Israel in other countries around the world • A phenomenon originating when Jews were sent out of Palestine into exile under Babylonian rule.

  17. Major Branches of Judaism • Orthodox: • Original and only form of Judaism until the 1800’s. • Named Orthodox in reaction to the advent of • Reform Judaism. • Most observant.

  18. Major Branches of Judaism • Reform • Founded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise in 1873 in • rebellion against the binding traditions of • orthodoxy. • Most flexible about observance of Jewish laws. • Largest Jewish movement in North America.

  19. Major Branches of Judaism • Conservative • Organized by Dr. Solomon Schechter in 1913 as a reaction to Reform Judaism's liberalism. • Philosophically stands between Orthodox and • Reform.

  20. Symbols • Star of David

  21. Other beliefs of the Jewish People • Jews believe the Messiah will be a person • (not a god), from the family of King David, • who will lead the world to unity and peace. • Jews do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah. • Jews do recognize that in his time, Jesus was an influential Jewish teacher who lived and died as a Jew, with no thought of creating a separate religion.

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