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Earth Science Terms

Earth Science Terms. Geologist Astronomer Oceanographer Meteorologist Geology Meteorology Paleontology Oceanography. Scientific Method is a model or guide used to solve problems.

jael-mccarty
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Earth Science Terms

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  1. Earth Science Terms • Geologist • Astronomer • Oceanographer • Meteorologist • Geology • Meteorology • Paleontology • Oceanography

  2. Scientific Method is a model or guide used to solve problems. • STEP #1: Observation – consider the problem, and try to make sense of it by using all senses an skills (sight, smell, scales, rulers, thermometer,)

  3. STEP #2 • Hypothesis - scientific or educated guess. Suggest an answer to a problem.

  4. STEP #3 • Test Your Hypothesis: • NOTE: Once it is proposed, it must be tested.

  5. STEP #4 • Conclusion - answer to a problem based on interpreting ones results

  6. Graphing • X & Y axis • Title , labels and a legend (key) • Constants (X axis) • Variables (Change Y axis) • Independent variables – X axis • Dependent variables – Y axis

  7. Different kinds of graphs • Lines = show us trends or how data changed over time • Bars = compare information by counting • Circle or pie = show how a fixed quantity is broken down into parts

  8. Why the Metric System??? • Standard throughout the world…. • Based on multiples of TEN…..

  9. Metric system prefixes…. • Kilo 1000 • Hecto 100 • Deka 10 • BASE • Deci .1 • Centi .01 • Milli .001

  10. Metric Base Units……… • Length – Meter • Volume- Liter • Mass - Gram

  11. Density • Amount of material (mass) in a given space (volume). • Density = mass / volume • Direct measurement • Water displacement

  12. Protoplanet Hypothesis • Nebula - Cloud of gas and dust rotating in space.

  13. The mass begins to flatten and condense under it’s ever increasing mass.

  14. Small disturbances or ‘eddies’ on the disk eventually collect material and form the planets.

  15. Layered Earth….

  16. Earth Layers • Average density is 5.5 g^3 • Rocks average density is 2.8 g^3 • Mass is the material in an object or substance • Volume is amount of space that is taken up • V = L x W x H

  17. Is Earth Round?How did we know this before 1500? • Shadows….. • Ships – mast was the first part to be seen on the horizon. • When sailing N to S sailors noticed changing star patterns. • Is the Earth a perfect sphere?

  18. Earth is NOT a perfect sphere (oblate spheroid) How can we prove this? By weighing objects. • Further an object is from the Earth’s center, gravitational pull decreases. • Objects weigh more at the poles. • This tells us that the Earth bulges at the equator, and is flattened at the poles.

  19. Circumference • Eratosthenes (Era-tos-te-nese) - 276 -195bc. Lived in Alexandria Egypt. First to measure circumference. • Dist. between two cities - Alexandria and Syene was apx. 5000 stadia. • Angle of arc between the sun and well shadow = 7.2 degrees. • Circumference = (360 / 7.2) x 5000 = 250,000 stadia (46,300 km) • Actual circumference = Apx. 40,074 km

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