著者：范守义、郭立秋、贾令仪 2011 年 6-9 月

《英汉语篇翻译教程》 著者：范守义、郭立秋、贾令仪 2011年6-9月

译文讲评：Text A (PPT v 2.0) Text A: Going Home Passage 2:

第1段第1句 • 其中在语境中是什么意思呢？ • hum这个词的定义取自www.thefreedictionary.com,如下： Sunday morning and the park is humming with activity.

hum v. intr. 1. a. To emit a continuous low droning sound like that of the speech sound (m) when prolonged. b. To emit the continuous droning sound of a bee on the wing; buzz. c. To give forth a low continuous drone blended of many sounds: The avenue hummed with traffic. 2. To be in a state of busy activity. 3. To produce a tune without opening the lips or forming words. v.tr. 1. To sing (a tune) without opening the lips or forming words. 2. Baseball To throw or pitch (a ball) very fast. n. 1. The sound produced by humming. 2. The act of humming. interj. Used to indicate hesitation, surprise, or displeasure.

第1段第2句 • wan·der • intransitive verb 1. to move or go about aimlessly, without plan or fixed destination; ramble; roam 2. to go to a destination in a casual way or by an indirect route; idle; stroll: a. to turn aside or astray (from a path, course, etc.); lose one’s way b. to stray from home, friends, familiar places, etc.: often with off And here I am, aimlessly wandering along the leafy paths.

wan·der 3. to go astray in mind or purpose; specif., a. to drift away from a subject, as in discussion; stray or roam in thought b. to turn away from accepted belief or morals c. to be disjointed, disordered, incoherent, etc. 4. to pass or extend in an irregular course; meander, as a river 5. to move idly from one object to another: said of the eyes, a glance, the hands, etc. • transitive verb 1. to roam through, in, or over without plan or destination: to wander the world

第2段第1句 • carry on 1. continue an activity or task: you can carry on with a sport as long as you feel comfortable, she carries on watching the telly. continue to move in the same direction: I knew I was going the wrong way, but I just carried on. 2. informal behave in a specified way: they carry on in a very adult fashion behave in an overemotional way. 3. informal be engaged in a love affair, typically one of which the speaker disapproves: she was carrying on with young Adam “We can’t carry on as we are, just drifting along,” Greg had said.

I asked a question about which of the two senses that can best fit the context of ‘We can’t carry on as we are, just drifting along,’ Greg had said”. • Here comes the reply from able2know.org website. We can’t carry on as we are, just drifting along,’ Greg had said.

Setanta: • I would suggest number three, although number two works as well. A word or an expression not only can have more than one meaning, but more than one meaning can be applicable in a situation. If you insist that you only want one, or "the best" one, maybe three is better.On reflection, I prefer number two. • Setanta hesitates between sense 2 and sense 3. If we agree with him that “more than one meaning can be applicable in a situation,” can we manage to translate the phrasal verb in a way that the meaning of the Chinese construction can cover both senses? Then how would you revise the current version?

Engineer: • I agree with number 2. The use of number three is generally derogatory. "That man is carrying on with a marrying women in the office!" The first one means to continue as you have been doing. “Although he was very distraught that his wife died, he was determined to carry on for the children.” • However, as you can see from Engineer’s reply, favours number 2, not number 3 for carry on used in this sense is derogatory. And Contrex supports Engineer’s opinion.

Contrex: • I think he just means "We can’t continue as we are". That is the most usual meaning of "carry on", and it fits just fine. What Greg says next reinforces this.

第2段第4句 • happy 1. feeling pleased and satisfied The children seem very happy at school. Sarah felt happy for the first time in her life. • happy about: Anna was excited and happy about the baby. • happy doing something: So you’re happy living in London? • make someone happy: Money alone will never make you happy. … I’m happy with the way things are …

happy 2.satisfied that something is good or right, and therefore not worried about it • happy with: Are you happy with this arrangement? • happy about: I’m not very happy about the children being out so late. • happy that: Happy that everything had been finalized, we left. • happy to do something: Her parents were happy to know she’d got a good job. • keep someone happy: Rising profits is the only news that keeps the bosses happy. • reasonably/perfectly happy: Most people were perfectly happy with the decision.

第2段第8句 • fall apart 1.disintegrate 2. to succumb to mental or emotional stress : break down Our life, our relationship is in danger of falling apart, why is he risking it all by wanting more?

第3段 • 句中使用了两个同义词，我们可以查找有关这两个同义词的具体用法和细微辨义。 “Why are you so scared, Zoe? What is it you’re frightened of?”

afraid / scared / frightened • There are differences in use and I shall try to illustrate these. But all these adjectives express roughly the same degree of worry or fear and can therefore be used interchangeably to some extent. Frightened suggests more sudden fear: 1. All small children are afraid of / scared of / frightened of school bullies. 2. Don’t be scared / afraid / frightened. I’m not going to hurt you.

All three can be followed by of + -ing clause. Frightened cannot always be followed by of + pronoun or noun: • He’s afraid of / scared of / frightened of flying in small planes. • He’s a strict teacher. Everyone seems to be afraid of / scared of him. • All three can be followed by the to+ infinitive pattern: • She seemed too scared to swim where there were such big waves. • After such an experience she’s afraid to go anywhere near the sea. • I was too frightened to jump in at the deep end of the pool. • We can be scared by or frightened by something. We cannot use afraid in this way: • She was scared by the hooting of the owl. • They were frightened / terrified by the gunfire and the breaking of glass.

Note that terrified expresses a stronger degree of fear. • She’s terrified of / by large dogs and won’t go near them. afraid / scared / frightened - position in clause • Note that afraid is one of those adjectives that cannot normally be used before a noun, but instead is used after a verb. Scared and frightened can be used in both positions: • He seemed afraid. He appeared frightened. • He was, without doubt, a frightened man.

frightened / frightening • As a general rule, adjectives ending in -ed are used to describe how people feel. Adjectives ending in -ing describe the things or situations that give rise to these feelings. So, remember, frightened describes how you feel. Frightening describes the things that make you feel frightened: • She looked very frightened when I told her she would lose her job. • It was one of the most frightening films I had ever seen. • It’s frightening to think that they are capable of producing nuclear weapons.

scared / scary • Scary is the adjective relating to things or situations; scared the adjective relating to how people feel. Scary and frightening express similar levels of fear or worry: • Being alone in a cave with five thousand bats was scary. • I felt scared when night fell and I was nowhere near human habitation.

第6段 • 这句话里的 “compromise”在字典里可能会提供几个义项，请参看下面的内容： “I’m not so sure—living together is bound to involve us changing, compromising our freedom.”

com·pro·mise v.intr. • To arrive at a settlement by making concessions. • To reduce the quality, value, or degree of something. v.tr. • a. To expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute: a secret mission that was compromised and had to be abandoned; compromise one’s standing in the community. b. To reduce in quality, value, or degree; weaken or lower. 2. To impair by disease or injury: an immune system that was compromised by a virus. 3. To settle by mutual concessions: a dispute that was compromised.

第7段 • 分句中，其译文是“她似乎生怕漏掉他讲的每一个字”，这里使用反译法，使译文更加符合中文习惯。比较英语网上词典和中文网上词典，能否找到合适的一项，来解释这句话的真实意义。 • hang ontoalsohang on to • to keep something Our team was just trying to hang onto the lead.I'm going to hang on to the car I’ve got for a few years – it’s almost four years old, but it’s still in great shape. • To hold firmly; keep fast: Hang on to your money. “… whilst she seems to hang on to his every word.”

hang onto [INTRANSITIVE] to hold tightly to something The train rattled along and we both hung on to the straps. • hang on to 紧握住，坚持下去 • hang on 抓紧不放；继续下去... • hang on to 紧握住，坚持下去... • hang up 挂断（电话）, 紧紧握住 • hang on the rear of 在后伺机袭击... • hang on to 紧紧握住... • hang on 坚持

著者：范守义、郭立秋、贾令仪 2011 年 6-9 月