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プラズマ基礎数学 図子 秀樹

2007. プラズマ基礎数学 図子 秀樹. 講義内容. Collision Processes (4-17,18) 1-1) collision dynamics and “quasi-collision potential filed” 1-2) Derivation of Fokker Planck equation Conservation laws in global physical quantities (4-24,25) 2-1) particle density, momentum, energy, charge density

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プラズマ基礎数学 図子 秀樹

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  1. 2007 プラズマ基礎数学図子 秀樹 講義内容 • Collision Processes (4-17,18) • 1-1) collision dynamics and “quasi-collision potential filed” • 1-2) Derivation of Fokker Planck equation • Conservation laws in global physical quantities (4-24,25) • 2-1) particle density, momentum,energy, charge density • 2-2) derivation of conservation laws • 3. Maxwell equations (5-1,2) • 3-1) derivation of 1st set of Maxwell equations • 3-2) derivation of 2nd set of Maxwell equations • Analysis of fluctuating signals in plasma (5-8,9) • 4-1) digital data acquisition of analog signals and FFT methods • 4-2) Physical meaning of frequency domain

  2. Plasma • Definition of “plasma”=> • Nature of “plasma” => • Description of “plasma” element ? interaction between elements ? transfer information among element ?

  3. 1. Collision Processes • 1-1) interaction between plasma particles Rutherford formula equation of motion effective cross section • 1-2) Kinetic description for plasma Fokker Planck eq.

  4. “衝突”関連するkey wordを3つ考えよ • 運動量の保存、エネルギーの保存、向き、方向、弾性衝突、非弾性衝突、反発(係数)、衝突の平均自由行程、衝突断面積、衝突周波数(時間)

  5. In burning plasma, we have to consider two types of collisions 1) Coulomb collision 2) Nuclear fusion Collision

  6. Characteristics in Coulomb Collisions (Arzimovich’s view) Which one is a trajectory of the test charged particle in a plasma? “Collisional Transport in Magnetized Plasma” Halendar, Sigmar 2002

  7. Spizter’s viewtrajectory in velocity space ( 1962 Phys. of Fully Ionized Gases ) (c) After 10Nth collisions (b) After Nth collisions (a) Initial Do you find rules to describe <DVx> and <DVz>?

  8. Wesson’s view 1) Collisions between test particle and field particles 2) Test particle: ions or electrons 3) Field particles: ions and electrons

  9. Neutral Beam Injection Ebeam~0.1-0.3 MeV H+ WWW MPI

  10. Te increase leads to enhanced scattered spectrum Wcrit Wcrit Kurimoto, Zushi 1997

  11. プラズマ中の衝突をどう記述するか • 衝突過程を運動方程式に組み入れることができるか? • その場合の相互作用は何か? • 繰り返し衝突する過程をどう記述するか? • たくさんの粒子との衝突をどう表すか? • そのとき相互作用はどう記述するのか?

  12. Collision dynamics in Coulomb field Initial velocity v 2f Scattering angle Impact parameter Coulomb field Landau’s text

  13. Energy & Angular momentum

  14. Exercise Idue date; 23 April till noon • 1. Derive Rutherford scattering formula hints: • 2. Conversion from two body collision equations into one particle motion in a central field hints: conversion from v1,v2 into relative velocity and velocity of center of mass

  15. Coulomb collision cross section q=90 scattering, • Scattering cross section ~pb902

  16. Collision in shielded Coulomb field 1) Total target ions 2) Limit in b

  17. Dominant Collision in Momentum change Integration from bmin to Debye length

  18. Dominant Collision in Momentum change

  19. 1個の荷電粒子が標的粒子の作る静電場で“運動量”を微少に変化する。1個の荷電粒子が標的粒子の作る静電場で“運動量”を微少に変化する。 • これを“衝突”と定義する。 • 単位時間内の運動量変化量は     “有効場における”運動方程式として表現でき  その値は微小散乱の集積効果を表す。 • 衝突間の運動量変化量は入射粒子の速度の2乗に反比例する。 • 初期運動方向の運動量ベクトルの変化率は、速度の3乗に反比例し、初期運動方向を向く。

  20. 一般化 • 質量mi、電荷ei、速度viの入射粒子が質量mj、電荷Zej、速度vjの標的粒子と衝突する。   2体問題のみを取り扱い、3個同時に衝突することはないと仮定する。 • 中心力場での換算質量mを持つ粒子の散乱で表現 • 標的粒子は既知の分布関数f(vj)に従う。 • テスト粒子の分布関数の発展を記述したい!

  21. Generalization of momentum eq. Taking into account v-4 dependence of s90, Characteristics of “Force” 1) 2) 3)

  22. Similarity to electro-static force

  23. Generalization of momentum eq. Taking into account v-4 dependence of s90, Introduce a potential H in velocity space i; test particles, j: field particles

  24. Wesson’s view Parallel Motion in Velocity space Can be interpreted by a potential H. Motion in the Perpendicular direction ?

  25. Test particle; i vi vj Field particles; j

  26. Potential H for field particles with Maxwell distribution Assume the isotropic distribution function fj(vj) in velocity space Use the spherical coordinates Vi is set to Z-axis.

  27. 4) 1) Volume element d3v in velocity space 2) 3)

  28. Exercise IIdue date; 23 April till noon 1) 2)

  29. Potential H for field particles with Maxwell distribution

  30. Test particle; i vi vj Field particles; j

  31. まとめ • テスト粒子の小角散乱衝突過程による速度空間での摩擦力(初期速度の方向の減速)は  分布電荷の作る場におけるテスト電荷のクーロン力による運動と同様に考えることができる。 • 初期速度と垂直方向の衝突過程は同様に考えられるか? どのようなpotentialで?

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