Leslee Morris NMSU Master’s of Agriculture Seminar Chile Task Force Center for North American Studies

1. Leslee MorrisNMSU Master’s of Agriculture SeminarChile Task ForceCenter for North American Studies U.S. Imports and Exports of Chile Pepper and Onion Products: Frequently Asked Questions

2. These reports were prepared and presented in a question / answer format

3. What is the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States? • The Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) is a database for trade. • This system classifies both exports and imports. • The database includes information on different items that enter and exit the United States through global trade. • The database also gives information on the specific tariffs attached to a specific country.

4. Where can I locate the Harmonized Tariff Schedule and trade data for the U.S.? • The Harmonized Tariff Schedule can be obtained from the U.S. International Trade Commission. • You can access information through the following websites as well: www.usitc.govt/affairs.htm www.usitc.gov

5. Is there a large demand for trade data information? • Yes, trade data is used for many reasons. • Anyone from a federal agency to private sectors, requires trade information. • Federal trade agency and private sectors need to have access to information promptly and correctly to: Enforce already existing compliance For accounts of revenues Support U.S. efforts throughout global market places

6. How is the collected trade data used? • Keeps track of the majority of U.S. trade , identify market trends and opportunities. • To create new trade policies, and enforce existing policies • To determine the rate of duty

7. What is the rate of duty? • The duty is the charge levied on a product or commodity that enters another country. • The product enters under a rate of duty which can be a general rate such as cents per kilograms. • There is also a special rate of duty. This is when the country that the product is imported from and the trade policy in place determines the “special rate of duty”.

8. What types of special rates of duty does the United States have for chile peppers and pepper products? • CA- NAFTA of Canada • E - Caribbean Basin Initiative • IL - Israel Special Rate • J - Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) • JO - Jordan FTA Preference • MX- NAFTA of Mexico

9. How is the harmonized trade data system coded and read?

10. Heading/ Stat - Unit of Rates of Duty Subheading Suffix Article of Description Quantity 1 2 General Special 0904( con) Pepper of the genus Piper; dried or Or ground fruits of genus Capsicum (Peppers) or of genus Pimenta 0904.20. Fruits of the genus Capsicum or Of the genus Pimenta, dried or crushed or ground: Of the genus Capsicum (including Cayenne pepper, paprika and red pepper) 0904.20.20 00 Paprika……………………………….. kg…….. 3c/kg Free (A, CA, E 11c/kg IL, J, JO, MX) 0904.20.40 00 Anaheim and Ancho pepper……….. kg…….. 5c/kg Free (A+, CA, 11c/kg D,E, IL, J, JO) 1.1c/kg (MX) 0904.20.60 Other: Not ground………………………… 2.5c/kg Free(A,CA, E, 11c/kg IL,J, JO, MX) 10 Bell Peppers…………………….. kg 20 Jalapeno Peppers………………. kg 90 Other……………………………. kg Ground: 0904.20.73 00 Mixture of mashed or macerated hot red peppers a nd salt ………………………….. kg Free 17.6c/kg 0904.20.76. 00 Other ………………………………… kg 5c/kg Free(A,CA, E, 17.6c/kg IL,J, JO, MX) Another example of the harmonized code system.

11. What kinds of chile peppers does the United States import? • Under the genus Capsicum we import Sweet Pepper (Bell Peppers) Cayenne Pepper, Paprika Red Pepper Anaheim Chile Peppers Ancho Chile Peppers These peppers are imported fresh, chilled, dried, mixed, and macerated.

12. What are the harmonized tariff codes for chile peppers? • HTS Code: 07096020 Chili Peppers, fresh or chilled • HTS Code: 07096040 Fruits of the genus capsicum (pepper) or of the genus pimenta, fresh or Chilled • HTS Code: 09042020 Paprika, dried or crushed or ground • HTS Code: 09042040 Anaheim, and Ancho pepper, dried or crushed or ground • HTS Code: 09042060 Fruits of the genus Capsicum, other than paprika or Anaheim and Ancho pepper, not ground • HTS Code: 09042073 Mixtures of mashed or macerated hot red peppers and salt, nesoi (not elsewhere specified or indicated) • HTS Code: 09042076 Fruits of the genus capsicum, ground, nesoi • HTS Code: 33019010 Extracted oleoresins consisting essentially of nonvolatile components of the natural raw plant

13. What has happened to the United States chile imports in recent years? • The chile pepper imports from other countries have increased with some fluctuation over the last five years. • The exception to this is jalapenos and fresh chile where imports have decreased.

14. What has happened to the United States chile exports in recent years? • Chiles exported from the United States have increased over the last several years. • 2001 was the largest export year with a slight decrease in 2002.

15. To what regions does the United States export fresh chiles? North America, the Caribbean region, Central America, European Union, and Other West Europe, Former Soviet Union, Middle East, North Africa Other Africa, South Asia, Other Asia, Oceania.

16. What value and quantity does the United States export of fresh chiles?

17. To what countries does the United States export dried, crushed, ground Peppers? Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Barbados Belgium-Luxembourg, Bahamas, Belize, Canada, China, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ireland, Estonia, El Salvador, Finland, France, Ghana, Germany, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Kuwait, Oman, Mexico, Malaysia, Netherlands Antilles, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Peru, Pakistan, Poland, Panama, Qatar, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Leeward-Windward Island, Yugoslavia.

18. What value and quantity does the United States export of dried, crushed, or ground chiles?

19. To what countries does the United States export extracted oleoresins? Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Barbados Belgium-Luxembourg Bahamas Belize, Bolivia, Bulgaria Canada, China, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ireland, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Ghana, Germany, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Honduras, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jamaica, Korea, Lebanon Oman, Mexico, Malaysia, Nigeria, Netherlands Antilles, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Peru, Pakistan, Poland, Panama, Qatar, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yugoslavia.

20. What value and quantity does the United States export extracted oleoresins?

21. Imports and Exports of Onions Frequently asked questions for onions

22. What types of onions and onion products does the United States import? • There are five types of onions imported into the United States. • Onion sets, fresh or chilled • Pearl onions, fresh or chilled • Onions other than onion sets or pearl onions not over 16 mm in diameter • Onion shallots, fresh or chilled • Onions prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid not frozen. • Onions prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid.

23. What types of onions does the United States export? • The United States exports only two types of onions. • Onions sets, fresh or chilled • Onions prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid.

24. International Trade in Chile Peppers Report Two: Multilateral data from the Global Trade Atlas®

25. What data is presented in this report? • The data in this report has been compiled from a product called the Global Trade Atlas. • This information was sold to New Mexico State University and the Chile Task Force by the Global Trade Information Services (GTIS) , INC. • Multilateral Data for 2002 are presented here

26. What is Global Trade Information Services (GTIS), Inc.? • GTIS sells access to interactive databases that are accessed through the internet. • GTIS obtains and processes the official merchandise trade data from 45 countries. • Corporate headquarters for GTIS, Inc. is in Columbia, South Carolina as well as having offices in Washington, D.C., Paris, and Tokyo.

27. Where does GTIS get the trade data? • GTIS uses official data from the reporting countries. • These data are usually provided by customs or national statistics agencies. • The availability of historical data for these countries varies, but usually goes back to 1995 or 1996. The 45 countries that are covered by GTIS account for over 95% of world trade

28. What countries report trade data?

29. What Harmonized System codes are covered in this report? • 070960 – Fruits of the genus Capsicum (fresh or chilled peppers) or of the genus Pimenta (e.g., allspice), fresh or chilled. This code includes peppers produced in greenhouses, and an “other” category • 090420 – Fruits of the genus Capsicum (including cayenne pepper, paprika and red pepper) or of the genus Pimenta (including allspice), dried or crushed or ground.

30. How much did the Chile Task Force pay to access the GTIS data? • The GTIS data were first accessed in summer 2003, at a cost of $1,650. • Data were downloaded over a period of three weeks. • In early 2004, the GTIS database was reactivated at no additional cost

31. How are the Global Trade Atlas® data organized? • The GTIS data include information on value, quantity, unit price, reporting country, and trading partner country for both exports and imports classified in the Harmonized System (HS). • Trade data are available at the 2-digit, 4-digit, and 6-digit levels, down to the most detailed levels provided by each country. • Data for a few countries and/or a few products are available at 8-digit and 10-digit levels in the GTIS product.

32. How was the data in the import and export matrix files compiled? • The Global Trade Atlas data are organized by reporting countries. • Importing and Exporting data for each country, for each HS code were saved in individual Excel worksheet files. • The countries were than sorted by continent. • Resulting in four matrix files that are a compilation of 180 individual data files

33. How do you read the export matrices? Exporting countries of commodity 090420 Fruits of the Genus Capsicum, or the genus Pimenta dried, crushed, or ground

34. How do you read the importing matrix? Importing Countries of commodity 090420 Fruits of the Capsicum or the genus Pimenta dried, crushed, or ground.

35. To whom is this information important? • This information can be beneficial to the entire New Mexico and southwestern U.S. chile pepper industries (both producers and processors) . • The southwestern chile pepper industry is directly impacted by international trade trends and events.

36. What can these matrices be used for? • These matrices provide previously unavailable information about international trade in chile peppers and pepper products. • The multilateral data provides insight into international movements of products that are important to the New Mexico agricultural sector, and the overall economy of the state. • These data can inform users as to the current status of markets, help to forecast potential market changes, and thus help predict where markets are headed. • This information can help New Mexico identify new market opportunities with other countries.