1 / 21

COMPUTER PLATFORMS

Input, Output, and Storage & Introduction to Basic Computer Architecture Week 2. COMPUTER PLATFORMS. Week 2. Input, Output, Storage Devices Media Computer Architecture The CPU ALU Control unit Registers Buses Von-Neumann. Input. Sending information to the computer

jaden
Download Presentation

COMPUTER PLATFORMS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Input, Output, and Storage & Introduction to Basic Computer Architecture Week 2 COMPUTER PLATFORMS Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  2. Week 2 • Input, Output, Storage • Devices • Media • Computer Architecture • The CPU • ALU • Control unit • Registers • Buses • Von-Neumann Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  3. Input • Sending information to the computer • Issuing the computer with a command • Devices for Input • Keyboard • Mouse • Scanner • Camera • Joystick / Gamepad • Microphone (Transducer) • Lightpen • Barcode Reader • Fingerprint Scanner Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  4. Output • Returning the result of a process • Querying the user • Providing the user with feedback • Devices for Output • Monitor • Printer • Plotter • Digital Projector • Speakers • Synthesiser • Robot / Machine • LED’s Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  5. Storage • Place to keep important data • Kept on a storage medium • Magnetic, Optical, physical • Devices for Storage • Hard Disk Drive (HDD) • Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) • Zip Drive • Tape Drive • CD / DVD (ROM, RW, R) • Memory Chips (USB sticks, Flash memory) • Punched Cards • Barcodes Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  6. BIOS RAM CPU Graphic Card Sound Card Ports Power Supply Hard Disk Drive Floppy Disk Drive Computer Architecture • What’s in the box? Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  7. Ports • Physical interface or socket to connect a device to a computer • Interfaced to the computer’s motherboard • Two main types of port: • Serial • Data is transferred in streams • One bit after the other • Parallel • Data bits are transferred alongside each other in waves (concurrently) • Common ports • USB (Universal Serial Bus) • Serial (9-pin) & (15-pin ‘game’ port) • Parallel (25-pin) • SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  8. Sound & Graphic Cards • Interface directly onto the motherboard • Graphics Card usually uses the AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) • Provides basic and / or advanced graphics capability • Often have graphics co-processors • On-board VRAM (Video RAM) • Sound card uses a PCI (peripheral Component Interconnect) slot • Allows computer to output sound to speakers and record sounds. • Adds MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) capability Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  9. Disk Platter Read/Write Heads Spindle Hard Disk Drives (HDD) • Magnetic storage medium • Uses rotating metal disks (platters) • Use read and write ‘heads’ to store and retrieve information • Large storage capacity Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  10. Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) • Magnetic storage medium • Uses rotating single, thin magnetic disk • Requires a drive to read the disk, which has the read/write heads • Small storage capacity • Typically 1.44 Mb (High Density 3.5”) • Portable • Cheap Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  11. Magnetic Disks • How the disk works: Cluster Sector Track Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  12. BIOS • Basic Input Output System (BIOS) • Provides the computer with basic functionality • Built-in software, no disk access • Usually a ROM chip on the motherboard • Common BIOS manufacturers • Award, Compaq, HP • Settings are saved to a CMOS chip, powered by a battery • CMOS = Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  13. Random Access Memory (RAM) • Used to store instructions that are in current use • Two main types of RAM: • Static RAM (SRAM) • reliable • does not need to be constantly refreshed • fast • expensive • Dynamic RAM (DRAM) • more common • slower than SRAM • cheap • must be constantly refreshed • Both volatile’ (contents lost when power is off) Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  14. Random Access Memory (RAM) • Cache Memory • Essentially RAM that the CPU can access quickly • Is physically close to the processor • Usually always SRAM • Therefore, small sizes are common compared to size of RAM • Two levels of cache memory • Level 1 - Situated inside the processor • Commonly 512 kb • Level 2 - A separate RAM chip on the motherboard or in expansion slot • Commonly 1024 kb (1 Mb) Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  15. Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  16. ALU Control Unit CPU High Speed Registers Central Processing Unit (CPU) • CPU has three important parts: • ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) • Control Unit • Registers Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  17. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Arithmetic & Logic Unit • Handles mathematical and logical functions (numerical) • Deals with non-numerical logic operations • Control Unit • Handles all low-level hardware operations • Input & Output Devices and CPU • Carries out instruction handling • Fetch Execute Cycle • Registers • Storage areas within the CPU • Accessible at high speed • Anything for processing must be kept in a register • Can also hold the address of a memory location Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  18. Buses • A collection of wires which connects together the internal components of the computer • Allows transfer of data • Main types of bus: • Data bus • Carries actual data bits (information) • Address bus • Transfers locations where data should be sent • Control bus • Carries status information Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  19. CPU INPUT OUTPUT DATA BUS ADDRESS BUS CONTROL BUS MEMORY Buses • How buses fit into the computer system Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  20. Computer Architecture • The Von Neumann Model • 1903 - 1957 • Mathematician • Quantum physicist • Worked on ENIAC • Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer • Major development in computer technology • Responsible for developing the Fetch Execute Cycle, and his namesake - • ‘Von Neumann Model’ • The original computer geek?! Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

  21. Week 2 • What we know now! • Input, Output, Storage • Devices • Media • HDD • FDD • How magnetic Disks work • Computer Architecture • BIOS • Ports • The CPU • ALU • Control unit • Registers • Buses • Von-Neumann Stuart Cunningham - Computer Platforms - 2003

More Related