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Chaotic Dynamics of Stellar Spin in Binaries and the Production of Misaligned Hot Jupiters

Explore the fascinating dance of stellar spin and planetary orbits in binaries, leading to chaotic evolution and misaligned hot Jupiter systems. Discover the impact of Kozai-Lidov oscillations on stellar dynamics and the role of distant binary companions in shaping planetary orbits. Unravel the complexities of spin-orbit evolution through coupled motion analysis, shedding light on the erratic evolution of spin angles and the creation of periodic islands in a chaotic ocean. Witness the memory of chaos and how tiny variations in initial conditions can result in significant spin-orbit misalignments, influencing the distribution of hot Jupiter systems. This study provides a deep dive into the intricate interplay of gravitational forces that drive stellar spin dynamics and planetary orbit evolution.

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Chaotic Dynamics of Stellar Spin in Binaries and the Production of Misaligned Hot Jupiters

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  1. Chaotic Dynamics of Stellar Spin in Binaries and the Production of Misaligned Hot Jupiters Natalia Storch, Kassandra Anderson & Dong Lai Cornell University

  2. Many hot Jupiter systems have been found to exhibit misalignment between the orbital axis (L, the axis perpendicular to the orbital plane) and the rotationaxis (S) of its host star ESO

  3. A distant (~100 AU) binary companion (Mb) of the planet-hosting star (M*) can change the eccentricity (e) and inclination (I, the angle between L and the binary axis Lb) of the planet (Mp)in a periodic way -- This is called Kozai-Lidov oscillation L Lb I

  4. Stellar Spin Dance The host star is spinning, and therefore has an oblate shape. Gravity from the planet acting on the oblate star makes S (the rotation axis of the star) precess around L (the orbital axis of the planet). S L This is analogous to the precession of a spinning top due to Earth’s gravity

  5. Stellar Spin Dance L The host star is spinning, and therefore has an oblate shape. Gravity from the planet acting on the oblate star makes S (the rotation axis of the star) precess around L (the orbital axis of the planet). Lb S L I However, recall that L itself is changing due to the gravity from the distant binary companion

  6. Spin-Orbit Evolution So we have: Ωpl LB • L moves around LB (the orbital axis of the binary, which is not changing)at frequency Ωpl • S moves around L at frequency Ωps Ωps L S θlb θsl θsb This coupled motion of S and L gives rise to complex (even chaotic) evolution of the star’s spin axis and the spin-orbit angle

  7. For Ωpl much larger than Ωps: LB L S

  8. For Ωpl much smaller than Ωps: LB L S

  9. For Ωpl comparable to Ωps: LB L S

  10. We see that the spin-orbit angle (bottom panel) evolves erratically even when the planet’s orbital eccentricity evolves regularly. In fact, the spin evolution can be chaotic: starting from almost the same initial condition, the spin-orbit angles quickly diverge. Evolution of Stellar Spin and Planetary Orbit

  11. Periodic Islands in a Chaotic Ocean Spin-orbit angle Planet mass

  12. Periodic Islands in a Chaotic Ocean This is analogous to the logistic map: From wikipedia

  13. Memory of Chaos A tiny spread in initial conditions can lead to a large spread in the final spin-orbit misalignment

  14. The complex spin evolution can affect the observed distribution of the spin-orbit misalignment angle of hot Jupiter systems.

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