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The Dynamic Earth

The Dynamic Earth. The Atomsphere. Objectives (TLW). Explain the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere List the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. Introduction. Atmosphere is the mixture of gases the surround the Earth.

jacqueline-williamson
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The Dynamic Earth

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  1. The Dynamic Earth The Atomsphere

  2. Objectives (TLW) • Explain the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere • List the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere

  3. Introduction • Atmosphere is the mixture of gases the surround the Earth. • Gases in the atmosphere can be added or removed by natural and unnatural processes i.e. volcanic eruptions, air pollution, living organisms… • The atmosphere is serves as an insulator which slows the rate of heat lose in the Earth.

  4. Composition of the Atmosphere • Nitrogen enters Earth’s atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and plant and animal decay. • Oxygen enters Earth’s atmosphere primarily through plants and trees.

  5. Composition of the Atmosphere • The atmosphere also contains tiny particles called atmospheric dust • Soil • Salt • Ash • Volcanic ash • Skin • Hair • Pieces of clothing • Pollen • Bacteria and viruses • Aerosols (tiny liquid droplets)

  6. Composition of the Atmosphere • Due to the pull of gravity, the atmosphere is denser near Earth’s surface • The majority of atmospheric gases are located within 30 km of Earth’s surface. • As the elevation increases the air becomes less dense.

  7. Air is less dense In high altitudes Airplane Mount Everest

  8. Layers of the Atmosphere

  9. The Troposphere • 18 km above the surface • Densest layer • Temperature decreases as the altitude increases • Most of the weather occurs in layer

  10. The Stratosphere • Extends from 18 km to an altitude of 50 km • Temperatures increase as the altitude increases • Ozone (O3 ) absorbs UV energy which warms the air.

  11. The Mesosphere • Extends from 50 km to 80 km above the surface • Coldest layer

  12. The Thermosphere • Farthest from Earth’s surface • N and O absorb solar radiation which results in high temperatures • Air particles are so thin that we would not be able to feel the high temperatures • The lower part is called the ionosphere because of the ions which causes lights

  13. Energy in the Atmosphere • See Figure 15 on page 70 • Energy from the sun is transferred by three mechanisms • Radiation • Conduction • Convection

  14. Radiation • Is the transfer of energy across space and in the atmosphere • Example is heat you feel from a fire is transferred through radiation

  15. Conduction • Is the transfer of energy from a warmer object to a colder object

  16. Convection • Transfer of heat by air currents

  17. The Greenhouse Effect • Think about how the inside of a car gets hot on a summer day. • The glass allows solar energy to enter the car which is converted to heat which is prevented from leaving the car because of the glass.

  18. The Greenhouse Effect • The same idea can be applied • Solar energy enters the Earth through the atmosphere (gases) and is converted to heat • Heat then travels back towards the atmosphere and is absorb by the greenhouse gases which heats the air

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