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Population Trends and Issues

Population . Sources of PopulationPopulation TheorySpatial Distribution

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Population Trends and Issues

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    1. Population Trends and Issues

    2. Population Sources of Population Population Theory Spatial Distribution & Population Density Population Determinants & Influences Population Change & Growth trends Population issues Urbanisation

    3. Population Demography is the study of Population Business people must understand the size & density of ‘a market’-group of people Population is a key indicator of a country Global Population 6.5 Billion Australia’s Population 20 million Global Population projection 2025 9 Billion

    4. Population sources/data collection Census –Counting people & collection of information Australia’s Census every 5 years-Commonwealth Gov Legislation Population Registers by Governments & compiled in ABS ( Australian Bureau of Statistics) Historically for Government-Taxation reasons & churches played a role in recording populations Last Australian Census 2001 Next 2006

    5. Population sources cont’d Census provides Government information for Decision making at a National & Local level www.dfat.gov.au International Reports produced by: United Nations-Population Division The World Bank World Health Organisation CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)

    6. Population Theory Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) Model of Population Growth Population natural growth rate by a geometric progression (1-2-4-8-16-32-64….) Natural Resources supporting populations grow arithmetically (1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9..) Pressure on Living Standards-living space & output (use, wastage….on resources)

    7. Population Theory cont’d… Natural Balances achieved by: Misery-Famine, disease & War ( Africa –AIDS epidemic & Civil War, Vietnam War, SIDS…) Moral Restraint-Sexual Abstinence & Late Marriages (Australia ) Vice-Abortion, Sexual Perversion & Infanticide ( Forced Abortion in China, killing female babies demanding male

    8. Population Theory cont’d Relative gains in food production over population growth leads to higher population growth Contradicted the optimistic view that society’s fertility leads to economic progress No consideration of migration/immigration and effects on population distribution

    9. Global Population Distribution Five major Population concentrations containing 70% of the global population or 8% of the world land area North East Asia-China, Japan, Taiwan, North & South Korea (25% of global population & projected to decline <22% in 2025) Labour intensive Industries supporting large rural populations ( except Japan) Huge Industrial & High Tech Industries in NE Asia

    10. Global Population South East Asia-Indonesia, Philippines,Singapore, Thailand & Malaysia. 7% Global population Projected to grow 150 million 2025 Pressure on Economic growth Developing Economies

    11. Global Population cont’d… South Asia-India, Pakistan, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka 21% Global Population increasing 23% 2025 Experienced significant population growth India 1.1 Billion (1999) Bangladesh 130 million Pakistan 140 million

    12. Global Population cont’d…. Europe-European Union Population 330 million 12% of global population Low population growth & decline to 8% of global population 2025 High Industrialisation concentrations

    13. Global Population Distribution cont’d North America (USA & Canada) 5% Global Population in metropolitan areas Low population growth-0.8% High Industrialisation High Living Standards-Per Capita Incomes

    14. Global Population cont’d Central America –Population 132 million (1999) South America-Population 453 million Oceania-NZ, Tahiti, Polynesia, Fiji, Micronesia) 5.9 million

    15. Population Determinants & Influences Historical reasons have a key element in developing a countries population (Early civilisations in Europe & Asia reflect the long history in developing the size of a countries modern population) Physical Influences-climate affects population distribution.Extremes of heat & cold-low population densities

    16. Population influences Spatial relationships & accessibility to land area, vegetation, soil, water supplies & mineral deposits Gold Rush & Modern population shift from rural to urban areas for work opportunities Economic, social, political & cultural, factors-Government influences on Birth control & migration, Religion-large Christian families Demographic factors-differentials in Birth & Death rates, male & female, age structures and migration flows

    17. Population Change (PC) Changes in population distribution and composition as a result of interaction between births(B), death(D) & migration(NM) PC=B-D+/- NM World Population growing 88 million people annually 2.06% 1965-70 1.4% 1995-00

    18. Population issues Population growth by 88 million annually but natural resources remain finite/limited High Population densities occur in developing countries Poverty, Famine, & Disease impacts broadly across the globe Limited resources-Low literacy levels, lack of hospital & medical services

    19. Population issues Unemployment-social& economic problems (Abuse,Crime & Social Disorientation) Urbanisation-High & Low Income levels (Have’s & Have nots) High Consumption levels in Western/ Modern economies increasing pressure on natural resources Pollution levels-Air, Water & Land

    20. Population issues cont’d Wastage & Increasing problems of landfills-Toxic wastes Intensive agriculture-Over grazing increase levels of Hydro Carbons-Ozone Hole, Salinity,Low Crop Yields-Income inequality food & water shortages Environmental problems-Deforestation & animal/plant diversity declines

    21. Population issues cont’d…. Asylum Seekers World Peace & Equality????

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