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A good leader?

A good leader?. What do you think makes a good leader? With a partner, draw out the 6 characteristics of the leader that you would like to live under. The Short Corsican. Background. Born to Corsican nobility (Corsica is an island off the coast of France).

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A good leader?

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  1. A good leader? • What do you think makes a good leader? • With a partner, draw out the 6 characteristics of the leader that you would like to live under.

  2. The Short Corsican

  3. Background • Born to Corsican nobility (Corsica is an island off the coast of France). • When he was a boy, Corsica was taken over by France. • His father sent him to military school in Paris to improve his life chances. Napoleon resented him for this. • Napoleon did not fit in (his classmates were the children of French nobles, they made fun of him) • He poured his energy into military studies

  4. Background continued • Napoleon Bonaparte would have never had a chance to become a general under the Old Regime (the French were snobby toward outsiders). • Under the Revolution, all men are created equal. If you have talent, intelligence, and a great work ethic, then you can be a somebody during the Revolution. • Napoleon had these characteristics.

  5. French Governments since beginning of Revolution • Old Regime – Monarchy/Estates General • National Assembly • Legislative Assembly • National Convention • The Directory • Napoleon

  6. The Directory • 1795 National Convention Completes Constitution • Two house Legislature • Executive – 5 individuals – the Directory • Faced financial difficulties and became unpopular • Bourgeoisie were leading the government; did not connect with common people • Known for corruption (taking bribes, favoritism, etc.)

  7. Napoleon

  8. Napoleon • Achieved fame through wars with England and Austria between 1795 and 1799 under the directory • Very short 5 feet two inches • Very charismatic • Excellent military strategist • Married Josephine de Beauharnais a socialite – her influence had him immediately promoted to commander of the French Army

  9. Napoleon • Won control of northern Italy for France • Attacked Egypt to cut of British trade • England, Austria, Russia allied against France – many believed only Napoleon could protect France • 1799 – Directory forced out of office by troops Napoleon seized command of the government – coup d ‘etat

  10. Napoleon 1769-1821 • “Since one must take sides, one might as well choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. Considering the alternative, it is better to eat than be eaten.” • With this quote from Napoleon to his brother, what do you think this means, in relation to the French Revolution?

  11. Napoleon 1799- 1814 • Consulate: first five years of Napoleon’s Rule. • Executive Branch: three consuls w/ Napoleon as head consul • Plebiscite: put his new constitution to a popular vote

  12. Napoleon Becomes Emperor • Napoleon’s supporters wanted to make his power permanent and hereditary • 1804: Plebiscite declares that Napoleon should be emperor • Grabs crown from Pope and declares himself emperor

  13. Napoleon quickly rose up the ranks in the French army, specifically after forcing out British troops in the French city of Toulon (12/1793) • By 1799, he was a military leader and now a political one as well. • He helped overthrow the Directory, and created the Consul (with him as one of the governmental powers). • By 1802, after yet another Constitution, he had himself named Consul for life.

  14. Emperor of the French?

  15. Napoleon asks the Pope to preside over the ceremony, but takes the crown from the Pope’s hand and places it upon his own head. • What do you think this shows? • As Emperor, Napoleon continually consolidated power. • Consistently strengthening the Central Government, and yet the people kept supporting him. • Why?

  16. Tax collectionwas made more fair and orderly so France could rely on a steady supply of money. Dishonest government workers were removed. Napoleon’s changes He started lycées-a new public school for ordinary citizens. He gave the church back some of its power and signed a concordat or agreement with the pope to gain support of the organized church. He wrote a new set of laws called the Napoleonic Code which gave all French citizens the same rights. However, some individual rights were removed. Free speech was limited and slavery was restored in the French colonies.

  17. The Napoleonic Code, or Code Civil, entered into force on March 21, 1804. Even though the Napoleonic code was not the first legal code to be established in a European country— it is considered the first successful codification and strongly influenced the law of other countries. The Napoleonic Code, formally said, dealt only with civil law issues, such as filiation and property; It also did not deal with how laws and regulations were to be passed — which is reserved for a constitution. The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in establishing the rule of law.

  18. Napoleon hoped to expand his empire in Europe and the New World. In 1803, Bonaparte faced a major setback when an army he sent to re-conquer Haiti and establish a base was destroyed by a combination of yellow fever and fierce resistance. Recognizing that the French possessions on the mainland of North America would now be indefensible, and facing imminent war with Britain, he sold them to the United States —the Louisiana Purchase—for less than three cents per acre. The dispute over Malta provided the pretext for Britain to declare war on France in 1803 to support French royalists.

  19. The Battle of Trafalgar in 1804 was a humiliating defeat for France The defeat prevented any possibility of an invasion of England for Napoleon.

  20. Mistake #1 In 1806 Napoleon attempted to blockade British ports to hurt their economy. This Continental System was to make the continent more self sufficient. The British Navy put their own blockade around Europe which weakened Europe’s economy. Mistake #2 Napoleon made his brother King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish people were loyal to their own king. The peasant fighters called guerrillasfought against Napoleon in a war called The Peninsular War. The Collapse of Napoleon’s Empire Mistake #3 In 1812 Napoleon attempted to conquer Russia.The Russians retreated and followed a scorched-earth policy leaving no livestock or grain for the French Army. The onset of Winter, attacks and deserters left only 10,000 of the original 400,000 troops.

  21. Surrender at Madrid Retreat from Moscow

  22. An alliance of Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden and Austria attacked France and defeated Napoleon’s Army in 1813 at Leipzig. The Battle of Leipzig or the Battle of the Nations (16-19 October 1813) was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and the most decisive defeat suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. Fought on German soil, it also involved German troops on both sides, as a large proportion of Napoleon 's troops actually came from the German Confederation of the Rhine.

  23. First exile • After some unfortunate battles, Napoleon gives up the throne and Louis XVIII is named king. He was Louis XVI brother. • Napoleon is sent to the island of Elba. • Napoleon returned victoriously with soldiers lining the street to follow his return to prominence. • Louis flees France in fear, and Napoleon will be Emperor again.

  24. Ten months after his exile Napoleon escaped, returning to France. His destination was the city of Paris. He gained support along his route to Paris. He finally marched into Paris with a thousand of his old soldiers and new supporters. He took over the city and was back in power for a short period of time that is now known as "The Hundred Days". Napoleon's return led him to a final campaign in Belgium. He was defeated in the Battle of Waterloo.

  25. Waterloo 6/18/1815 • The British under Duke of Wellington, with the help of the Prussians, crushed the French in battle. • Napoleon’s loss prompts him to lose power and be exiled yet again. • This time to St. Helena. • The difference: he never returns

  26. What truly was Napoleon? • Was he the Revolution on Horseback as he claimed? • Or was he a traitor to the revolution?

  27. Where this leads • The Congress of Vienna (9/1814 to 6/1815) • This was in the pursuit of peace. • The Map of Europe was redrawn • Hereditary monarchies were restored (yep, Louis XVIII is back) • Most powerful person during this process is Austrian Prince Clemens von Metternich. • They never united Germany, which will cause problems later.

  28. End thoughts • What are your thoughts on Napoleon? • Was he as bad as some say, or was he truly a historic and great leader?

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