With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called:

2. ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping In visual perception transduction involves converting light into ______________ energy: • Chunking • Grouping Electrochemical energy Electrical energy Electromagnetic energy Electro-transduction energy

3. CORNEA, PUPIL, LENS, RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, VISUAL CORTEX With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping The correct sequence of the pathway of light through the eye and eventually to the brain in another form is: • Chunking • Grouping Cornea, iris, pupil, retina, lens, visual cortex Pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve, visual cortex Pupil, lens, retina, fovea, optic nerve, visual cortex Cornea, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve, visual cortex.

4. RELATIVE SIZE With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping Which of the following is a depth cue for visual perception: • Chunking • Grouping Relative Size Closure Proximity Similarity

5. TRANSMISSION With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping In visual perception, information travels from the retina via the optic nerve to the brain in a process called: • Chunking • Grouping Reception Transmission Transduction Selection

6. CONVERGENCE AND RETINAL DISPARITY With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping Binocular depth cues are those that require the use of both eyes to work together to provide information about depth and distance. Which two of the following are binocular depth cues: • Chunking • Grouping Convergence and retinal disparity Convergence and closure Convergence and accommodation Accommodation and proximity

7. RETINAL DISPARITY With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping The difference in the images on the retina of each eye when an observer is viewing something is called: • Chunking • Grouping Texture Gradient Accomodation Relative size Retinal Disparity

8. GESTALT PRINCIPLES With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping Figure-Ground, closure, proximity and similarity are all examples of: • Chunking • Grouping Depth Cues Gestalt Principles Visual illusions Monocular depth cues

9. PERCEIVE THE CONTOUR LINES WHICH BELONG TO THE FIGURE With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping When we have difficulty separating a figure from the background in a picture or in an everyday setting, it is most likely due to an inability to: • Chunking • Grouping Use linear perspective Use monocular cues Perceive the contour lines which belong to the figure Perceive the contour lines which belong to the ground

10. PHOTORECEPTORS With respect to STM, grouping several items together to form a single larger item is called: • Blocking • Lumping Specialised neurons that detect & respond to light by converting it into neural impulses for processing by the brain are called: • Chunking • Grouping photoreceptors transducers perceivers ganglions

11. CONES Photoreceptors important for daylight vision, visual acuity and colour vision are called: corneas cones rods retinas

12. RODS The photoreceptors important for night vision and peripheral vision are called: corneas retinas rods choroids

13. FOVEA visual acuity or sharpness of vision is greatest in the area at the centre of the retina known as the: optic nerve iris ganglion node fovea

14. TRANSDUCTION The process by which energy received at the retina is given meaning into a form that can be understood by the brain is called: sensation perception reception transduction

15. 380 - 760 nm The range of wavelengths for visible light is around: 380 - 760 nm 350 - 800 nm 450 - 750 nm 300 - 600 nm

16. SELECTION The separation of visual sensory information according to perceptual features such as lines, shapes & colours is called: interpretation organisation perception selection

17. ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD The minimum amount of energy necessary to produce a sensation is called: absolute threshold differential threshold noticeable threshold minimum threshold

18. DEPTH PERCEPTION The ability to perceive three-dimensional space and judge distances is called: height perception length perception disparity perception depth perception

19. Monocular Cues Pictorial cues such as linear perspective, interposition and texture gradient are all examples of: monocular cues binocular cues similarity cues proximal cues

20. Perceptual Constancies Even though the image projected on the retina is constantly changing, the world appears stable and undistorted because of: vision constancies binocular constancies monocular constancies perceptual constancies

21. AN ILLUSION A perceptual error in interpreting a real external stimulus is called: a hallucination a delusion an illusion a false sensation

22. BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING Analysing sensory information starting with low-level features and building upwards to a complete perception is called: top-down processing bottom-up processing upside-down processing inside-out processing

23. ACCOMMODATION The process whereby muscles in each eye alter the lens’s shape to enable the eye to focus on near objects is called: accommodation interposition gradation convergence

24. TEXTURE GRADIENT The pictorial depth cue whereby surface features become smaller and less detailed the more distant the object becomes is called: interposition depth perception height in visual field texture gradient

25. PERCEPTUAL SET The readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular manner, based on such things as past experience and context is called expectancy or: perceptual set contextualisation perceptual form context set

26. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE In one painting, two fence lines converge into the distance. This depth cue is known as: Height in the visual field Interposition Linear Perspective Proximity

27. EXPERIMENTAL; CONTROL In an experiment, the group that receives the treatment is called the _______ group; Whereas the group that does not receive the treatment is called the ____________ group.: Control; experimental Independent; Dependent Experimental; Control Dependent; Independent

28. RANDOM ALLOCATION; RANDOM SAMPLING __________ involves placing participants in groups for a study whereas __________ involves selecting participants for a study: Random allocation; random sampling Random sampling; Random allocation Control group; Experimental group Experimental group; Control group