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British Constitutionalism P.6 10/28/12

British Constitutionalism P.6 10/28/12. 10/29/2012. #1 Political Influence of Society In 17th Century England. Ryan Dyson Per. 6 Juan is the best. 10/29/2012. 17th Century England. New line of power The Stuart took over after Elizabeth Tudor European Interest in trade and expansion

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British Constitutionalism P.6 10/28/12

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  1. British Constitutionalism P.6 10/28/12 10/29/2012

  2. #1 Political Influence of Society In 17th Century England Ryan Dyson Per. 6 Juan is the best 10/29/2012

  3. 17th Century England New line of power The Stuart took over after Elizabeth Tudor European Interest in trade and expansion England became a global power in trade and commerce Stable The standard of living rose 10/29/2012

  4. James VI of Scotland 10/29/2012

  5. The End of Religious Reign Secular Revolt Beginning of the Age of Reason Movement away from total Theocracy 10/29/2012

  6. Social Influence on Politics The Age of Reason brought about a new way of life These philosophies naturally infiltrated politics 10/29/2012

  7. Sources Lambert, Tim. "England in the 17th Century." England in the 17th Century. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://www.localhistories.org/17thcent.html>. "Life in 17th Century England." Life in 17th Century England. N.p., 2002. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/Our_Country_Vol_1/life17th_dh.html>. 10/29/2012

  8. #2 The Political Problems of the 17th century, Leading up to the English Civil War By: Lorenzo Tabares and Juan Garcia

  9. Long-Term Causes Controlling realms were difficult because lack of money and resources. Charles’ I predecessors had contained or ignored the problems. He needed to raise taxes and subsidies, or persuade their subjects to lend them money. Parliament was in the way of a self sufficient kingdom.

  10. Long-Term Causes During James I reign the status of the monarch started to decline. He was know as the “wisest fool in Christendom”. He believe in the “divine right of kings”. The Parliament had more money than he did. Custom duties was a source of money for both the Parliament and the king, but the Parliament did not let the King get the money without their permission. James Suspended the Parliament for 10 years and used his friends to run the country.

  11. Short-Term Causes From 1625-1629 Charles son of James argued with parliament mainly over money and religion. Charles I was influenced by his father James I, with the idea of the divine right of kings. In 1629 the 11 years of tyranny started at Westminster. Charles’ handling of taxation and religion was also very bad, and cause further issues.

  12. Short-Term Causes In 1635 “Ship Money”. This tax created a huge conflict with Parliament Marriage to Henrietta Maria of France. Protestant opinion in England and Scotland dismayed that she was allowed to stay catholic. Henrietta Maria also brought a large contingent of catholic clergy with her. Started Charles downfall. The Prayer Book introduced into Scotland was disastrous and led to the Bishop’s war in 1639.

  13. Short Term Cont. In 1640, Charles needed money for the war and he turned to Parliament. In return for their help they called for the execution of one of the top advisers of Charles, “Black Tom Tyrant”- the Earl of Strafford. He was executed in 1641 By 1642 he went with 300 soldiers to Parliament in order to arrest 5 of his biggest critics, however they had already run off. 6 days after this Charles headed to Oxford to raise an army to fight Parliament. Civil war at this point was inevitable.

  14. Works Cited "The Causes of the English Civil War." History Learning Site. History Learning Site.co.uk, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. "Causes of the English Civil War." 101. Ed. Barry Vale. Suite 101, 19 Nov. 2008. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://suite101.com/article/causes-of-the-english-civil-war-a79499>. "Civil War Causes." The English Civil War. Hinchingbrooke, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://www.hinchhouse.org.uk/civilwar/causes.html>. "The Causes of The English Civil War." H2G2. h2g2, 1 Oct. 2001. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. <http://h2g2.com/approved_entry/A622937>.

  15. British Constitutionalism: Question 3 By: Regan Cruz

  16. 1628- Parliament passed Petition of Right, which the king was supposed to accept before being granted any tax revenues, that prohibited taxation without Parliament’s consent, arbitrary imprisonment, the quartering of soldiers in private houses, and the declaration of martial law in peacetime. Charles I reneged on the agreement because of its limitations on royal power. 1629- Charles decided he would not summon Parliament to meet because he could not work with it. From then until 1640, Charles pursued a course of personal rule, forcing him to find ways to collect taxes without the cooperation of Parliament. Use of Ship Money tax caused opposition from middle class merchants and landed gentry, who objected to the king’s tax without Parliament’s consent. Efforts of Charles and William Laud to introduce more ritual into the Anglican church struck Puritans as a return to Catholic popery. Scots rise up in rebellion against the king after he and archbishop Laud attempted to impose the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on the Scottish Presbyterian church, causing the king to call Parliament back into session. A group of radical Parliamentarians pushed for changes such as the elimination of bishops in the Anglican church. King, in an attempt to take advantage of the split, arrested some radical members. Large group in Parliament led by John Pym and fellow Puritans decided the king had gone too far, causing England to slip into Civil War. EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

  17. August 20, 1642, King Charles I raises standard at Nottingham; war begins Group of extreme Puritans, known as the Independents, create the New Model Army, who believed they were fighting for the Lord. In 1646, supported by the Mew Model Army, Parliament capture King Charles I. EVENTS OF THE FIRST ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1642-1646)

  18. Parliamentary forces split Army, mostly more Radical Independents, who opposed an established Presbyterian church, marched in London 1647 and begun negotiations with the king. King took advantage of divisions; fled and sought help from Scots. Enraged by the king’s treachery, Cromwell and the army engaged in a second civil war that ended with Cromwell’s victory and the capture of the king. Rump Parliament of fifty-three members of the House of Commons tried and condemned the king on a charge of treason January 30, 1649, Charles was beheaded; monarchy destroyed and England is proclaimed a republic or commonwealth. EVENTS OF THE SECOND ENGLISH CIVIL WAR (1648)

  19. Cromwell lead the army into Ireland and Scotland from 1649-1650 to crush revolts to restore uneasy peace May 1, 1650, Treaty if Breda signed between Charles II and the Scottish Covenanters June 23, 1650, Charles II signs the Solemn League and the Covenant Charles II crowned King of Scots 1650- Cromwell beats Scottish forces at Dunbar, but could not prevent Charles from marching into England 1651- Cromwell engages the king at Worcester and beats him; Charles II flees abroad, ending civil wars. EVENTS OF THE THIRD ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

  20. Sources "English Civil War Timeline." Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.historyonthenet.com/Chronology/timelinecivilwar.htm>. "The ECW Pages - History Overview." The ECW Pages - History Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~crossby/ECW/history/index.html>.

  21. Krizelle Guevara#3 Continued.Question: The events of the English Civil War and how it would influence changes in England 10/29/2012

  22. Oliver Cromwell -Instrument of Government- England's first and last constitution -Divided country into eleven regions, ruled by a general -Used military rule: didn't work. 10/29/2012

  23. Charles II -Cavalier Parliament- restored Angelican church- official Church of England, all must convert -Declaration of Indulgence- suspended laws against catholics/puritans -Test Act- only Angelicans can hold military/civil offices 10/29/2012

  24. James II -Catholic ruler in an Angelican society -Put Catholics in high positions -Declaration of Indulgence- put down laws against Catholics and Dissenters (Puritans) from office 10/29/2012

  25. Glorious Revolution • Fight over crown -Parliament Convention: Vacated the throne, offered to William/Mary. -Revolution Settlement: William of Orange & Mary = official monarchs -Bill of Rights 1689: Parliament can make laws/levy taxes, Kings can hardly do anything without Parliament. -Toleration Act 1689: Religious tolerance to Puritan Dissenters, free public worship 10/29/2012

  26. New Ways of Thinking -Thomas Hobbes: Humans act on instinct, not reason or moral ideals. -John Locke: Two Treasties of Government, humans lived in equality instead of war. 10/29/2012

  27. SOURCES "The English Civil War." The English Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://skolarbete.nu/skolarbeten/the-english-civil-war-2/>. Spielvogel, Jackson J. "Chapter 15/England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy." Western Civilization. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2003. 426-30. Print 10/29/2012

  28. #4 - English Constitution and the Bill of Rights Matthew McFall Period 6 10/29/2012

  29. Constitutional Monarchy Government where a monarch acts as head of state but their powers are defined/limited by law Employ a parliamentary system with a prime minister as the head of the government 10/29/2012

  30. Bill of Rights Directly followed the Glorious Revolution of 1688 Created by The Convention Parliament in 1688 Assembly of Parliament that transferred power to William III and Mary II Met to justify the overthrow of James II Accepted by William and Mary as Declaration of Rights when they took power in 1688 Would become law in early 1689 10/29/2012

  31. Bill of Rights Consisted of: A list of misdeeds of King James II Thirteen Articles confirming rights of Parliament and the people Defined the limitations of the English Crown Confirmed the ascension of William and Mary to the throne of England 10/29/2012

  32. Bill of Rights Denounced King James II for abusing his power Creating/Abolishing laws without consent of parliament Prevented abuse of power by future monarchs Clearly established that the monarchy could not rule without consent of parliament Put in place a constitutional form of government 10/29/2012

  33. Important acts Laws should not be dispensed with, or suspended, without the consent of parliament No armies should be raised in peace time and no taxes levied, without the authority of parliament Parliament should be frequently summoned and that there should be free elections Members and Peers should be able to speak and act freely in Parliament, Freedom of Petition 10/29/2012

  34. Sources "Avalon Project - English Bill of Rights 1689." Avalon Project - English Bill of Rights 1689. Yale Law School, 2008. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/england.asp>. "English Bill of Rights." English Bill of Rights. Constitution Society, 17 Sept. 1999. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.constitution.org/bor/eng_bor.htm>. 10/29/2012

  35. #5 -The impact of the Glorious Revolution on the creation of new acts. Kayla Clark 10/29/2012

  36. Parliament engineered a change in government. The male line of Stuart kings was ousted, and Parliament hoped to lock in a Protestant king and queen. William III and Mary II They raised an army and invaded England. James fled to France. This was not an issue of whether there would be a monarchy but who would be monarch. The Glorious Revolution: 1688 - 1689 10/29/2012

  37. William of Orange Mary II of England The Revolution Settlement confirmed William and Mary as monarchs. They accepted the throne of England and the provisions of a declaration of rights. 10/29/2012

  38. The Bill of Rights affirmed Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes. Armies could be raised only with the consent of Parliament. It laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy based on the rule of law and a freely elected Parliament. Overall, the Bill of Rights confirmed Parliament’s power and prestige after the Glorious Revolution. The Impact 10/29/2012

  39. The Toleration Act of 1689 granted Puritan Dissenters the right of free public worship. This was important because few people would ever again be persecuted for religious reasons. The act did not apply to Catholics. England appealed to Protestants, Baptists, Presbyterians, etc. The Impact Continued 10/29/2012

  40. Religious diversity in England was endorsed after the Glorious Revolution. 10/29/2012

  41. The struggle between king and Parliament had ended. Parliament had demolished the divine-right theory of kingship and confirmed its own right to participate in government. It played a role in state affairs. Over the next century, Parliament proved to be the prime authority in the English system of constitutional monarchy. Outcome 10/29/2012

  42. "Glorious Revolution." Glorious Revolution. UCC, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://faculty.ucc.edu/egh-damerow/glorious_revolution.htm>. "Toleration Act (Great Britain [1689])." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598612/Toleration-Act>. Sources 10/29/2012

  43. 6. The British Cabinet of the 18th Century By: Brittney Rangel 10/29/2012

  44. Origins Evolved from the Privy Council Advises the head of state of a nation Roots in 11th century Group of prominent men from church, aristocracy, gentry. By 15th century- 40 councilors. So big, monarchs had to form smaller circles of advisors. 10/29/2012

  45. Small informal circles of advisers= modern cabinet • Charles II re-established the Privy Council • 1701 Act of Settlement- made the monarch’s small informal committee of advisors even more important • Gained executive power and importance Beginnings of the Modern Cabinet 10/29/2012

  46. Political parties: Tories (conservatives) v Whigs (liberals) • Exclusive wealthy men • Cabinet system- group of advisors to the minister • Met in a small room • Prime Minister- leader of the majority party in Parliament. New Political institutions 10/29/2012

  47. Queen Anne • Politicians failed to achieve their full potential • Biased input from Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough and Mrs. Abigail Masham. • members of parliament • CONFUSION!!! 18th Century Problems 10/29/2012

  48. 18th Century Problems Cont. A discreet word from any of her favorites could end the politicians lives. Appointed ministers to cabinet as she wished Most to her own advantage Some were not 10/29/2012

  49. 18th Century Problems cont King George I Little to no communication between Parliament and king He was German, couldn’t speak English King George III Grandson on George I Wanted to end Whig domination Dissolve the cabinet system Make parliament follow him

  50. To complete his goals • Gave parliament seats to his friends/supporters. = TRANSITION TO CONSTIUTIONAL MONARCHY • Powers of the king were limited • John Lock’s argument: values > government rather than kings=God King George III cont 10/29/2012

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