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Understanding VANET: Revolutionizing Vehicular Networks and Mobility Models

This article delves into Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), an innovative technology that connects vehicles to enhance communication and safety. Exploring the fundamentals of VANETs, it covers key aspects like Medium Access Control (MAC), Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), and applications such as traffic control, automatic speed limit enforcement, and accident notifications. Additionally, it examines various mobility models, including random waypoint and obstacle-based models, that simulate vehicular movement dynamics. The paper underscores the importance of VANETs in modern transportation infrastructure.

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Understanding VANET: Revolutionizing Vehicular Networks and Mobility Models

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  1. Amit SahaApril 13th, 2005 VANET: VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

  2. What is a VANET ? • Ad hoc network composed of vehicles • Individual nodes different from traditional wireless nodes • No power constraint • Nodes mostly mobile • Complements existing infrastructure • Extends existing infrastructure

  3. Medium Access Control • Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) • FCC regulated 5.9 GHz • 10 MHz channels • 1 control, 6 service • MAC similar to 802.11, i.e., CSMA/CA • OFDM used in PHY • Speeds up to 120 mph • Up to 1000 m transmission range

  4. VANET 2004 • First conference of its kind • 9 papers, 7 posters • Safety applications (3) • Security (2) • Data dissemination (4)

  5. Sensors in VANET Nodes • Size and power no longer issues

  6. Applications • Traffic control • Automatic speed limit enforcement • Rerouting in traffic congestion • Safety • Notification of accident up ahead • Decentralized 911 service • Prioritized over non-safety applications • Extended communication • Infotainment

  7. Snowplowing Project • Project by Berkeley PATH • Snowplowing in total whiteout • Vehicle equipped with sensors for • Measuring steering angle and vehicle motion • Field of magnetic markers on roadway • Obstacle detection (radar sensors)

  8. Security Aspects • Somewhat similar to sensor networks • Sensors might report “incorrect” data • Undetected error • Detected error • Corrected error

  9. Data Collection • No aggregation • No hierarchy • Simple model for data collection

  10. Data Delivery • Opportunistic forwarding • Disconnection possible • Geographic forwarding • Trajectory based forwarding • A coordinate system is assumed • Nodes know position in this coordinate system • Route is a trajectory in this coordinate system

  11. Conclusion • Similar to mobile ad hoc networks • Has sensors but usage is mostly different • Accident notification similar to ‘fire !!!’ in sensor networks • Not power or size constrained

  12. Amit SahaApril 13th, 2005 MOBILITY MODELS

  13. Different Mobility Models • Random waypoint model • City section model • Obstacle-based model

  14. Random Waypoint Model • Convergence issues • Nodes tend to converge to center • Wrap around • Reflection • Average speed • Minimum speed has to be greater than zero • Many variations exist

  15. Example

  16. City Section Model • Simulates movement of vehicles on streets • Gets very complicated to make realistic • Lane change • Traffic light modeling • Widely used versions are simplistic • Grid structure

  17. Obstacle-based Model • Models obstacles • Restricts movement • Nodes do not reflect off surfaces • Restricts wireless propagation • Doors used to cross buildings • Movement on Voronoi Graph

  18. Example

  19. Problems • Steady state unknown • Existence is not known as well • When is steady state reached in simulation • Infocom 2005 best paper, EPFL, Lausanne • Conditions required for steady state behavior • Several mobility models • Steady state initialization

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