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The Skeletal System

This informative guide provides insights into the skeletal system, highlighting its functions such as supporting the body, protecting internal organs, and allowing movement. Explore the structure of bones, bone development, and the different types of joints in the human body. Gain knowledge about immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable joints, along with the significance of joint capsules and ligaments in maintaining bone health.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Pablo de Esteban Camila Rodriguez

  2. The Skeleton • Supports the body • Protects internal organs • Provides for movement • Stores mineral reserves • Allows an area for blood cell formation

  3. Bones A solid network of living cells and protein fiber that are surrounded by deposits of calcium cells. • Infants: 350 bones • Adult: 206 bones

  4. Structure of Bones • Periosteum: tough layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone through which Blood vessels pass caring oxygen and nutrients to the bones. • Haversian canal: runs through compact bone, beneath peritoneum, contains blood vessels and nerves. • Spongy bone: adds strength to the bone. Bone marrows: cavity that contains soft tissue • Yellow marrow: made up of fat cells • Red marrow: produces red blood cells, some white cells, cell fragments (platelets)

  5. Development of bones Cartilage: connective tissue scattered into a network of protein fibers. • Strong and flexible

  6. Development of Bones • Ossification:process in which cartilage is replaced by bone. Cells involved: 1. Osteoblasts: secrete mineral diposits that produces new bone tissue to replace the cartilage into bone. 2. Osteocytes: the mature form of Osteoblasts surrounded by bone tissue, mantains cellular activities of the bone. 3 .Osteoclasts: breaks down bone removing damaged bone tissue.

  7. Ossification

  8. Joints Are the place where one bone attaches to another.

  9. Types of joints • Immovable joints • Slightly movable joint • Freely movable joint

  10. Immovable Joints • Allows no movement because the bones are interlocked and held together by connective tissue ex: where the bones in the skull meet

  11. Slightly Movable Joints • Permit a small amount of restricted movement. The bones in these areas are separated from each other.

  12. Freely Movable Joints • Permit movement in one or more direction • Grouped according to the shapes of the surfaces of the adjacent bones http://www.jeffsims.net/flash/skeleton.html

  13. Structure of Joints • Joint Capsule: surrounds the joints and helps hold the bones together while still allowing them to move. • Layers: • Ligaments: surrounds bones and holds them together. • Cells in the other layer produce a substance called synovial fluid => lubricating film which enables the ends of the bones to slip past each other smoothly.

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