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Grout

Grout. History of Grout. Reinforced masonry came to the forefront following the 1933 Long Beach, California earthquake. Prior to the 1990’s, Michigan designers utilized unreinforced masonry. Thinner walls. Purpose. Taller and stronger walls. Purpose. Sound resistance. Purpose.

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Grout

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  1. Grout

  2. History of Grout Reinforced masonry came to the forefront following the 1933 Long Beach, California earthquake. Prior to the 1990’s, Michigan designers utilized unreinforced masonry.

  3. Thinner walls Purpose

  4. Taller and stronger walls Purpose

  5. Sound resistance Purpose

  6. Increased Fire Resistance Purpose

  7. Improved thermal performance Purpose

  8. Grout • Products ASTM C 476 Scope Referenced Documents Materials Grout Type and Proportions Measurement and Production Application

  9. ASTM’s Related to Grout Standard Specifications C404 Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout C476 Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry

  10. not in binder

  11. Grout Products ASTM C 476 • Scope Referenced Documents Materials Grout Type and Proportions Measurement and Production Application

  12. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 1.1 This specification covers two types of grout, fine and coarse grout, for use in the construction of masonry structures. Grout is specified by (1) proportions or (2) strength requirements.

  13. not in binder C1180 – 03aε1Standard Terminology forMortar and Grout for Unit Masonry1 grout,n – a mixture of cementitious materials, aggregates, water, with or without admixtures, initially produced to pouring consistency without segregation. Requirements for grout are contained in Specification C476.

  14. Grout Products ASTM C 476 Scope • Referenced Documents Materials Grout Type and Proportions Measurement and Production Application

  15. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards C 5 Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes2 C143/ C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete3 C150 Specification for Portland Cement2 C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes2 C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete3

  16. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 C404 Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout4 C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements2 C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete2 C989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars3 C1019 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout4 C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement2

  17. not in binder C404-03Standard Specification forAggregates for Masonry Grout1 3.1 Aggregates shall consist of natural sand or manufactured sand, used alone or in combination with coarse aggregate as described in this specification.

  18. Grout Products ASTM C 476 Scope Referenced Documents • Materials Grout Type and Proportions Measurement and Production Application

  19. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1 Materials used as ingredients in grout shall conform to the requirements specified in 3.1.1-3.1.8.

  20. Portland Cement C150 Blended Cements C595 Quicklime C5 Hydrated Lime C207 Coal Fly Ash or Raw Calcined Natural Pozzolan C618 Granulated Blast Furnace Slag C595 C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.1 Cementitious Materials contributes to strength

  21. sand pea gravel C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.3 Aggregates C404 inert filler, provides economy, workability, reduces shrinkage, influences compressive strength

  22. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.4 Water potable contributes to pourability, hydrates cement, aids in suction for bond

  23. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.5 Admixtures – Integral waterproofing compounds, accelerators, or other admixtures not mentioned definitely in the specification shall not be used in grout for use in reinforced masonry without approval from the purchaser.

  24. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.6 Pumping Aids – Pumping aids are permitted to be used in cases where the brand, quality, and quantity are approved in writing by the purchaser or are definitely stipulated in the specification.

  25. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.7 Antifreeze Compounds – No antifreeze liquids, salts, or other substances shall be used in grout to lower the freezing point.

  26. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 3.1.8 Storage of Materials – Cementitous materials and aggregates shall be stored in such a manner as to prevent deterioration or intrusion of foreign material or moisture. Any material that has become unsuitable for good construction shall not be used.

  27. Grout Products ASTM C 476 Scope Referenced Documents Materials • Grout Type and Proportions Measurement and Production Application

  28. Fine Grout - Portland cement - Sand - Water Coarse Grout - Portland cement - Sand - Pea gravel - Water C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 4.1 Type – Grout type shall be specified as fine or coarse.

  29. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 Note 2 – Building code provisions and grout space dimensions should be reviewed when selecting grout type or types.

  30. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 4.2 Proportions of Ingredients – Grout proportions shall be determined by one of the following methods: 4.2.1 Requirements of Table 1.

  31. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1

  32. NCMA TEK 9-2 (2002)Grout for Concrete Masonry

  33. C476-02Standard Specification forGrout for Masonry1 4.2.2 Specified Compressive Strength – Proportions established by 28-day compressive strength tests in accordance with Test Method C1019 that obtain the specified compressive strength. The grout shall be mixed to a slump of 8 to 11 in. as determined by Test Method C143/C143M and shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2000 psi at 28 days.

  34. Grout Type and Proportions Proportions of Ingredients • Table 1 • By volume • Specified Compressive Strength • Proportions established by 28-day comp. strength tests (C1019) • Slump of 8 to 11 inches • Minimum compressive strength of 2000 psi at 28 days ASTM C 476

  35. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 Note 1 – The testing agency performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.

  36. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 Note 3 – Nonabsorbent blocks may be of plastic, wood, or other nonabsorbent material. Certain species of wood contain sugars which retardation of cement. In order to prevent this from occurring, new wooden blocks shall be soaked in limewater for 24 h, sealed with varnish or wax, or covered with an impermeable material prior to use.

  37. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 5. Test Specimens 5.1 Each grout specimen shall have a square cross-section, 3 in. or larger on the sides and twice as high as its width. Dimensional tolerances shall be within 5% of the width selected.

  38. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 6. Mold Construction 6.1 Select a level location where the molds remain undisturbed for 48 h. Note 5 – The location of specimen construction should be protected and as free from perceptible vibration as possible.

  39. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 6.3 Form a space with a square cross-section, 3 in. or larger on each side and twice as high as its width, by stacking masonry units of the same type and moisture condition as those being used in the construction. The surface of the unit in contact with the grout specimen shall not have been previously used to mold specimens…

  40. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 6.3 …Tolerance on space and specimen dimensions shall be within 5% of the specimen width. See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig 3 and accompanying notes.

  41. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 Note 6 – Other methods of obtaining grout specimens and specimens of different geometry have been employed in grout testing, but are not described in this test method. Other methods used to obtain grout specimens include: drilling grout-filled cores of regular units; filling cores of masonry units specifically manufactured to provide grout specimens; filling compartments in slotted corrugated cardboard boxes specifically manufactured to provide grout specimens; and forming specimens from different sized masonry units of the same or similar material…

  42. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 …Since test results vary with methods of forming and specimen geometry, comparative test results between the specimen described in this test method and the proposed specimen should be required and confined to a single specimen shape and method of forming.

  43. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 6.4 Line the masonry surfaces that will be in contact with the grout specimen with a thin, permeable material to prevent bond to the masonry units. Note 7 – The lining, such as paper towel, is used to aid in stripping the grout specimen from the mold. Proper installation of the lining prevents irregularly sized specimens and varying test results.

  44. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 8. Temperature and Slump Test 8.1 Measure and record the temperature of the grout sample in accordance with Test Method C1064/C1064M. 8.2 Begin filling the slump cone within 5 min of obtaining the final portion of the sample.

  45. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 8.3 Measure and recordthe slump in accordance with the requirements of Test Method C143/C143M 8 to 11 inches

  46. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 9. Compressive Test Specimen 9.2 Fill the mold with grout in two layers of approximately equal depth. Rod each layer 15 times with the tamping rod. Rod the bottom layer through its depth. Slightly overfill the mold. Rod the second layer with the tamping rod penetrating ½ in. into the lower layer. Distribute the strokes uniformly over the cross section of the mold.

  47. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 9.3 Strike off the top surface of the specimen with a straightedge to produce a flat surface that is even with the top edge of the mold and that has no depressions or projections larger than 1/8 in. Cover immediately with a damp absorbent material such as cloth or paper towel.

  48. C1019-03Standard Test Method forSampling and Testing Grout1 9.4 Within 30 min after filling the mold, add sufficient grout without rodding to fill the depression caused by initial water loss… 9.5 Protect the specimens from freezing and variations in temperature…

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