Tips to help with this exam

1. Tips to help with this exam Read the question! pick out the key words Try to relate the question to a workplace situation Break questions down e.g.. design, use, maintenance where appropriate Remember HS principles e.g.. RA, Controls, People

11. Automatic Fire Detection Heat Detectors Fixed temperature type Thermocouple detects when a set temperature is reach Rate of rise type Detects abnormal temp rises (sudden) Electronic resistors Usually incorporate fixed temp element as well Unsuitable for Rapid heat rise workplace e.g.. laundrettes, steel manufactures Smoke Detectors Ionisation type Small radioactive source to ionise a chamber into which smoke enters during a fire. Detector reacts to change in current caused by neutralisation of ions by smoke particles Optical type Responds to the obstruction of a focused light ray or the scattering of light from an optical ray by smoke Unsuitable for Dusty workplace due to false alarms e.g.. flour mills Workplace which generate smoke e.g.. kitchen, welding workshops

31. Introduction of Automated Guided Vehicle to Warehouse Risks Reduced Manual handling Pedestrian/vehicle collision Racking Collisions Falling objects less likely to contact person WAH access to racking Reduction of noise FLT collisions Incorrect order picking Risks Increased Programming dangers (teachers) Interference in signal Proximity sensors to prevent pedestrian contact AGV collision Guarding of order picking machinery Dropped loads to be dealt with in automated area Maintenance activities for equipment Software failure

33. MEWPS Hazards Falls from height of persons/materials Instability of vehicle e.g.. uneven ground Being struck by other vehicles Trapping & impact hazards Mechanical failure Contact with over head power lines Exposure of workers to adverse weather conditions Requirements for safe use Selection of trained competent operators Persons may be connected to MEWP with fall restraint Toe boards installed/use of tool wrist straps Barriers installed to protect area MEWP used in Correct positioning e.g.. level firm ground, not close to over head services, use of outriggers where installed Prevent of use in adverse weather conditions Not exceeding SWL Regular inspections & maintenance Ensure trap points are guarded Ensure used in locked position Prohibit transfer of people/materials whilst in raised position

36. Sources of Ignition from diesel powered vehicles and possible protection to minimise risk of explosion in flammable atmosphere Sources Flames/sparks from exhaust/inlet systems Sparks from vehicle electrical system Static build up from over speeding/loading the engine Hot parts e.g.. exhaust Protection Fit spark/flame arrestors preventing flashback to atmosphere if drawn into inlet system plus prevent any sparks from escaping system Engine and exhaust system design to ensure surface temps are below ignition temp of atmosphere Use of water jacket around hot parts Electrical equipment on vehicle suitable for zones 1 or 2 where possible Speed limiters to prevent speed at which static could build up Use of electrically conductive materials for parts e.g.. tyres to reduce static build up.

39. Possible mechanisms of structural failure of building during storm Adverse weather conditions exceeding designed wind loading capacity of structure Excess weight on roof caused by rain water or snow Weakening of steel structure by corrosion through roof leaks Inoperation of rainwater drains Alterations to structural members which have invalidated original design calculations Subsidence or nearby tunnels/excavation leading to foundation instability Vibration caused by traffic etc leading to structural fatigue Inadequate design and/or construction of structure

41. Factors that cause instability of mobile cranes and measures to be taken to reduce likelihood of overturning during operation Causes of instability Incorrect selection of crane e.g.. SWL to low for lift Incorrect sling of load Unstable ground incapable of bearing weight of crane and load Uneven/sloping ground Obstructions being struck by crane of things striking crane e.g.. other plant of site Exceeding SWL of crane of lift tackle Inoperation of crane e.g.. incompetent, inexperienced operator, not using out riggers Poor lift control by AP/banksman. Unsuitable lifting plan Mechanical failure Adverse weather condition e.g.. wind Lack of maintenance of crane e.g.. incorrect tyre pressures, rope not inspected etc. Measure taken to avoid Conduct full assessment of lift required and surrounding areas including establishing the load bearing capacity of the ground that the crane will operate on Define and implement sufficient lifting plan use of competent appointed person Selection of appropriate crane for lift Ensure that maintenance and testing of crane is adequate Appoint competent person to supervise lift i.e.. appointed person, competent banksman Engineering controls e.g.. ensure that outriggers are used and fully extended where appropriate, ensure that capacity indicator and alarms are functional Ensure that the motion and performance limit device are in working condition Behavioural controls such as competence and training of driver, slinger and banksman

46. Sources of specific pollutants likely to be associated with a multi-fuel CHP power stations using either coal, oil or gas for burning under normal operations and foreseeable abnormal operations (located on river estuary taking deliveries by ship, road & pipeline) plant also has water treatment plant Normal operations Emissions to air Carbon monoxide & oxides of nitrogen from burning of fossil fuels Sulphur dioxide/sulphur compounds when coal or oil is burned Other pollutants Soot & coal dust from incomplete combustion Solid waste from coal & oil ash Acid & alkali effluents from water treatment process Emissions from vehicles delivering fuel to site same for ships Abnormal operations Leaks Oil storage tanks Gas supply pipelines Acid/Alkali storage tanks Spillage of chemical from road tank accident Oil slicks from ships during offloading or major disaster e.g.. sinking Fire leading to fire water run off during fire fighting

48. A petrol storage tank in a bund containing three similar tanks is overfilled resulting in a large spillage of petrol into the bund. The petrol vapour exploded Design & construction measures to prevent such an incident Adequate segregation between adjacent tanks Separate bunds for each tank Interlocked pumping system with high level alarms min double redundancy of alarms Level detection Vapour detection system fitted in bunds Remote shut down system Good earth bonding Measures to mitigate the effects Fixed foam installations capable to spray the surface of pool in the bunded areas Installation of foam monitors capable of reaching top of tanks Radiation walls between tanks/bunds to prevent other tanks from being heated Adequate supply of fire water Installation of remote pumps to empty affected tanks Easy route of access for fire fighters Provision of drainage interceptors to minimise enviro affects of fire water run off Regular draining and cleaning to remove rainwater from bunds Provision of site based emergency response team.

50. Fixed electrical systems faults (including corrosive atmospheres) & Information relating to system that electrician would need before conducting a survey of system Type of faults found in fixed electrical system (including systems in area with corrosive atmosphere Poor earth bonding Damaged sockets and switchgear Covers missing from junction boxes Incompetent workmanship and inadequate excess current protection Exposed conductors due to damaged insulation from corrosive Short circuits caused by ingress of fluids Corrosion of system parts Unsuitability for use in wet & corrosive conditions Information needed by electrician before conducting a survey Type of equipment and its rating (operating voltage and current) IP classification (including measure of protect against ingress of water Circuit diagrams and/manuals for the equipment Details of any modifications made Means of isolations and location Earthing arrangements Type and size of cables Details on the operations of protective devices Copies of previous inspection reports and repairs made/maintenance carried out

51. Robots, implications for safety and how risk to personnel can be reduced when working with Features of industrial robots that may have particular implications for safety Sudden, rapid or unexpected movements Aberrant behaviours e.g.. robot moving outside normal operating parameters Dropped loads or ejected materials people have to enter area to rectify Software problems which are difficult to detect Dangers associated with teaching robot e.g.. may require close work with robot moving Dangers from work being carried out e.g.. spot welding, stored energy Dangers arising from maintenance activities e.g.. working in area close, robot may continue working Failure of perimeter sensors leading to robot collisions with people or other equipment Reducing risk to personnel working in vicinity or with robots Conduction risk assessment to identify hazards associated with robots and those at risk, evaluate the risk and identify controls required to reduce the risk to an acceptable level (eliminate or reduce) Restricting access by fixed fencing Provision of interlock access point e.g.. pressure mats Installation of light sensors e.g.. curtain or eye to detect motion and stop robot (automatic guarding) Provision of mechanical restrains Use of audible start up warning Procedures for restarting after interruption Emergency stop systems Introduction of safe systems of work e.g.. isolation lock out tag out before maintenance activities commence Training relevant people in hazards associated with robot and precaution necessary Introduction of monitoring system including audit and the keeping of records of maintenance and defects Maintenance program Routine guard checking procedure

52. Robots, implications for safety and how risk to personnel can be reduced when working with Features of industrial robots that may have particular implications for safety Sudden, rapid or unexpected movements Aberrant behaviours e.g.. robot moving outside normal operating parameters Dropped loads or ejected materials people have to enter area to rectify Software problems which are difficult to detect Dangers associated with teaching robot e.g.. may require close work with robot moving Dangers from work being carried out e.g.. spot welding, stored energy Dangers arising from maintenance activities e.g.. working in area close, robot may continue working Failure of perimeter sensors leading to robot collisions with people or other equipment Reducing risk to personnel working in vicinity or with robots Conduction risk assessment to identify hazards associated with robots and those at risk, evaluate the risk and identify controls required to reduce the risk to an acceptable level (eliminate or reduce) Restricting access by fixed fencing Provision of interlock access point e.g.. pressure mats Installation of light sensors e.g.. curtain or eye to detect motion and stop robot (automatic guarding) Provision of mechanical restrains Use of audible start up warning Procedures for restarting after interruption Emergency stop systems Introduction of safe systems of work e.g.. isolation lock out tag out before maintenance activities commence Training relevant people in hazards associated with robot and precaution necessary Introduction of monitoring system including audit and the keeping of records of maintenance and defects Maintenance program Routine guard checking procedure

53. Scaffolding, factors causing instability and principles of design and erection to ensure stability Factors that cause scaffolds to become unstable/collapse Scaffold not erected as per original design In-competent scaffold designers/erectors Ground constructed on not being of load bearing capacity Scaffold foundation being undermined by surface water or site works e.g.. excavation Incorrect use of fittings and/or use of damaged fittings Standards were out of plumb or bent Unauthorised/malicious alterations by incompetent people Overloading of scaffold e.g.. material storage Impact e.g.. load suspended by crane/hit by plant vehicle Severe weather e.g.. excessive wind loading Principles of design and erection to ensure safe/stable scaffold Use of competent persons Designed to withstand required loading Constructed of sound materials & fittings Setting standards on base plates Ensure joints are staggered Fitting of longitudinal & diagonal bracing Ledger braces at every other pair of standards Vertical & horizontal ties no more than 8.5m apart and replaced by temporary ties if required to remove Scaffold erected in position where traffic/plant impact likely barriers should be erected (protection) Ground erected on to have suitable load bearing capacity Inspections carried out at regular intervals i.e.. not exceeding 7 days and after change in conditions e.g.. adverse weather conditions, after alterations etc. Do not load beyond design capacity

55. Trackers stability - will apply for most wheeled plant equipment Factors that cause tractors to overturn Angle of slope operated on too great Direction of travel on gradients Uneven or soft ground Speed of corner Condition and pressure of tyres Effects of trailers and other attachments Power take of seizure Competence of driver Minimising risk Restriction of use on steep gradients Operator training and awareness Correctly maintained tyres and pressure Fitting of wider tyres/additional wheels Fitting of counter balance weights Regular maintenance Power take of fitted with shearing pins Limit effects of over turning Fitting and use of seat belt Roll over protection e.g.. cage protections

56. Computer Numeric control systems (CNC) fitted to lathe Additional risks Increase in operation speed Increase in noise Possible unexpected movements Errors in programming and software Risk from teaching Risk from operator unfamiliarity Minimising risk Risk assessment Fitting of fixed or interlocked guards to prevent access during automatic cycle Provision of manual operation for setting and cleaning operations e.g.. hold to run system Relocation of controls out of danger zone Additional training for operators and maintenance staff Updating of the instruction manual for use, cleaning and maintaining the machine Conduct regular testing of the software