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Section 2 The Structure of the Atmosphere

Section 2 The Structure of the Atmosphere. Sunset in Elizabethtown Photo by Pamela Cox 2013. List the 4 major components of the atmosphere. . nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor. What 2 processes maintain a balance in the oxygen content in the atmosphere?

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Section 2 The Structure of the Atmosphere

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  1. Section 2 The Structure of the Atmosphere Sunset in Elizabethtown Photo by Pamela Cox 2013

  2. List the 4 major components of the atmosphere. nitrogen, oxygen, argon, water vapor • What 2 processes maintain a balance in the oxygen content in the atmosphere? • photosynthesis and respiration Photo by Pamela Cox 2013

  3. http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1400/atmos_origin.html

  4. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis: • CO2 + H2O + light → "CH2O" + O2 • 11. Write the chemical equation for respiration: • "CH2O" + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy

  5. 12. Identify the following formulas: • CO2carbon dioxide • H2O water • CH2O organic matter • O2oxygen gas http://www.co2crc.com.au/images/imagelibrary/gen_diag/Photosynthesis_media.jpg

  6. List the formula for these other important gases in the atmosphere. • Carbon dioxide CO2 • Neon Ne • Ozone O3 • Helium He • Methane CH4 • Krypton Kr • Hydrogen H • Nitrous oxide N2O • Carbon monoxide CO • Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs • Carbonyl sulfide COS Photo by Pamela Cox 2013

  7. Air is made almost entirely of two gases. The most common gas is nitrogen, and the second most common gas is oxygen (O2). Nitrogen and oxygen together make up 99% of the planet's atmosphere. All other gases together make up the remaining 1%. Although each of these trace gases are only found in tiny quantities, many such as ozone, serve important roles for the planet and its life. One very important minor gas is carbon dioxide, CO2, which is essential for photosynthesis and is also a very important greenhouse gas. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/The_Atmosphere

  8. 14. Earth's atmosphere extends more than 560 kilometers (348miles) above the planet's surface and is divided into fourlayers, each of which has distinct thermal, chemical, and physicalproperties http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AdNVW8sZ99Y/T8DAV_r4kCI/AAAAAAAABVE/0RV_dtJohXQ/s1600/Space_Atmosphere_010501_.jpg

  9. http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1400/atmos_origin.html

  10. The Northern Lights (Aurora) above Bear Lake, Alaska http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Atmospheric_Layers

  11. Which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where almost all the weather occurs? Troposphere • Where is the troposphere located specifically? extends from the surface up to 8 to 16 kilometers above Earth's surface • Earth’s surface captures solar radiation and warms the troposphere from below, creating rising air currents thatgenerates vertical mixing patterns and weather systems. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Troposphere_CIMG1853.JPG

  12. 18. Temperatures decrease by about 6.5 °C with each kilometer of altitude. That is for every 1 mile in altitude the temperature drops by about 20 °F. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/troposphere

  13. 19. What is the tropopause? It is layer of cold air (about -60°C), which forms the top of the troposphere and creates a "cold trap" that causes atmospheric water vapor to condense. http://aviationblog.dallasnews.com/2013/06/southwest-airlines-to-receive-first-boeing-737-max-jets-early.html/

  14. Where is the stratosphere located specifically? • It extends upward from the tropopause to • 50 kilometers. • In the stratosphere, why do temperatures increase with altitude? • Temperatures increase with altitude because of • absorption of sunlight by stratospheric ozone. http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/edu/k12/.ozonelayer

  15. About 90 percent of the ozone in the atmosphere is found in the stratosphere. • The stratosphere contains only a small amount of water vapor due to what 3 reasons? • "cold trap" and the tropopause, and vertical air motion in this layer is very slow • What marks the top of the stratosphere? • The stratopause http://www.scientificamerican.com/media/inline/is-water-vapor-in-the-stratosphere-slowing-global-warming_1.jpg

  16. The third atmospheric layer is the mesosphere. • Describe the temperature and altitude changes. temperatures once again fall with increasing altitude, to a low of about -93°C at an altitude of 85 kilometers. This equates to a low of about -135.4 °F at an altitude of 53 miles. http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/mesosphere.html

  17. What happens to the temperature with altitude in the thermosphere? In the thermosphere, temperatures again warm with altitude, rising higher than 1700°C. This is about 3100°F. Satellites orbit in the thermosphere https://www2.ucar.edu/news/thermosphere-visuals-multimedia-gallery

  18. The atmosphere exerts pressure at the surface equal to what? the weight of the overlying air The pressure in your car tire is about 30 to 35 psi. http://airplanegroundschools.com/Weather/Theory/ 28. At sea level, average atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds per square inch for a column of air from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. A woman filling her tires up with air and testing their air pressure. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-air-pressure.htm

  19. http://www.mojapogoda.com/leksykon-meteorologiczny/cisnienie-i-uklady-baryczne.htmlhttp://www.mojapogoda.com/leksykon-meteorologiczny/cisnienie-i-uklady-baryczne.html 14.7 psi ≈ 1000 millibars http://www.wpclipart.com/weather/atmosphere/atmospheric_pressure_heights_NOAA.png.html

  20. Pressure falls with increasing altitude because… the weight of the overlying air decreases. It falls exponentially because air is compressible, so most of the mass of the atmosphere is compressed into its lowest layers. http://okfirst.mesonet.org/train/meteorology/Variables.html

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