JLR Hybrid Systems A. Leatherland

1. JLR Hybrid Systems A. Leatherland Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

2. To be the world’s leading brand at inspiring, creating and delivering a Spirit of Adventure • Iconic design • Best off-road • Composed on-road • Durable and refined • Global Breadth • Beautiful fast cars, desired the world over • Seductive Design • Sporting Luxury • Stimulating Performance • Emotional Engineering JLR Brand Values Jaguar and Land Rover Core Marque Values Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

3. Land Rover – Products Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

4. Jaguar – Products Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

5. Reducing Carbon Emissions Life Cycle Analysis Sustainable Vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles Flywheel [Kinetic] Plug in Hybrids Electric Vehicles Combustion Transmission Driveline Powertrain Efficiency Weight Efficiency Vehicle Architecture Body in White Components Aerodynamics Tyres Chassis systems Energy management - Chassis systems - Electrical Weight Parasitics Propulsion Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

6. Fuel Energy Vectors Range using 45 litres ofBatteries, H2 (700 bar),Petrol, Diesel Weight 48 159 1000 728 Range 1000km Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

7. Stop / Start Hybrid Technology Route Map 194g/km to 179g/km 8.6% reduction on CO2 emissions C02 Tailpipe Emissions TIME Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

8. Freelander 2 TD4_e Stop/Start Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

9. The worlds first intelligent stop/start SUV Land Rovers most fuel efficient vehicle Fitted as standard to all manual diesel Freelander2 TD4_e… … at no cost to the customer! Background Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

10. A critical technology to the future of Jaguar Land Rover, delivering a significant CO2 benefit reduces CO2 emissionsto zero during Stop/Start conditions Extensive reuse of existing vehicle hardware managed by new intelligent control system reduces the impact on the vehicle architecture reduces cost Background • All designed and led in-house (our IPR) • technology delivered to a compressed timescale on all 10MY manual diesel Freelander 2 TD4_e launched March 2009 Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

11. 5 New Functions Developed Automatic engine shut down User induced restarts (by pressing the clutch) Stall recovery (with the transmission in gear by depressing the clutch) System induced restarts (depending on the status of other vehicle systems) Change of Mind (COM) Eco Stop/Start software constantly monitors the state of the vehicle to protect the customer experience Functionality Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

12. Protecting the Customer experience: Contact-less Gear neutral sensing and enhanced clutch pedal position sensing technology for safe operation Voltage quality module protects key electrical loads during restart. AGM battery with battery monitoring system to monitor battery health and provoke restarts. Brake vacuum sensor to ensure no loss of pedal feel. Intuitive human machine interface (HMI) Enhanced climate control strategy with auxiliary water pump Enhanced “durable” starter motor Technical Description Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

13. The world’s first intelligent Stop/Start SUV Land Rovers most fuel efficient vehicle ever Lowers CO2 emissions by 8% - winning a German environmental award (for an SUV!) UK Lower tax band saving £60 per annum and £125 showroom tax Improves Fuel Economy by 12% (on NEDC) Great publicity for the brand “GreenLander” ~ Ken Gibson (The Sun) Achievements Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

14. Belt ISG –micro hybrid Stop / Start Hybrid Technology Route Map Used in conjunction with ‘supercaps’ Will deliver greater CO2 improvements C02 Tailpipe Emissions TIME Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

15. Upgraded Belt Drive System System overview BISG BISG, Power Inverter and 3 phase cable) Cluster Battery Monitoring System EMS AGM Battery Bonnet Switches 28V/14V 2kW DCDC Converter Modified Automatic Transmission Super Capacitors Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

16. Diesel ERAD Hybrid– full hybrid Belt ISG –micro hybrid Stop / Start Hybrid Technology Route Map Further reductions in CO2 C02 Tailpipe Emissions TIME Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

17. Diesel ERAD Hybrid Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

18. Plug inhybrids Diesel ERAD Hybrid– full hybrid Belt ISG –micro hybrid Stop / Start Hybrid Technology Route Map C02 Tailpipe Emissions TIME Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

19. TSB Part-Funded Project – Range_e Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

20. Premium Generic and Hybrid Attributes • When applying hybrid technologies to established, premium vehicle lines, two sets of vehicle attributes need to be considered • Generic vehicle attributes, e.g. vehicle acceleration, load-space capacity etc. • New hybrid vehicle attributes, e.g. EV range, charging requirements etc. • In order to design a credible hybridised proposition it is necessary to balance hybrid attributes with generic vehicle attributes, maintaining premium luxury. Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

21. PHEV Effects on Premium AttributesCase study 1 - Acceleration Unless compensated for, a PHEV system will degrade maximum vehicle acceleration via two mechanisms: • Weight (incremental to base vehicle) • Power delivery limits and delays due to engine cranking. Increasing Weight Engine Crank Delay Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

22. PHEV Effects on Premium AttributesCase study 1 - Acceleration • Additional weight can be compensated for if the HEV system can provide incremental motive power on top of the IC engine. • EV launch limits and engine crank delays can be compensated for by careful gear sizing, and by using electric propulsion to offset engine crank delays. More weight needs more power to compensate HEV motor fills in the gap left by the crank delays Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

23. PHEV Effects on Premium AttributesCase study 1 - Acceleration If compensation is the minimum requirement, an obvious stretch target is to use the HEV system to significantly (and recognisably) improve the acceleration performance. For example: • 72kW/120Nm (at the crank) electric boost on top of a 240bhp engine can make a 3 tonne vehicle accelerate like a 2 tonne equivalent. • 80kW/160Nm (at the crank) electric boost on top of a V6 diesel will accelerate like an equivalent V8 diesel. • 160kW/330Nm (at the crank) electric boost on top of a V6 diesel will accelerate like a V6 diesel with no turbo-lag whatsoever. Clearly some of these are easier to achieve than others, and it is up to the individual OEM to decide what acceleration performance is appropriate for their HEV vehicles, and therefore what size of hybrid system is required. Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

24. PHEV Effects on Hybrid AttributesCase study 2 – Range Vs Package ECE101 Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

25. PHEV Effects on Hybrid AttributesCase study 3 – Recharging Estimated CO2 car emissions by journey purpose and journey length (GB, 2002 / 2006 average) 63% of a cars total daily journeys per day < 25 miles therefore one overnight charge is sufficient in this case. 37% of a cars total daily journeys per day >25 miles and would require the engine to start. Source E.on Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

26. PHEV Effects on Hybrid AttributesCase study 3 – Recharging Charging Regimes • Fast charging Typically 30 Minutes • 15 -30kW rate • Slow Charging Typically 6-8 hrs • 2-3kW rate (Battery integrated) Slow Charge Socket (240V AC) Fast Charge Socket (300 V DC) Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

27. Plug inhybrids Kinetichybrids Diesel ERAD Hybrid– full hybrid Belt ISG –micro hybrid Stop / Start Hybrid Technology Route Map C02 Tailpipe Emissions TIME Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

28. Flywheel Kinetic Energy Recovery Consortium Partners: Flybrid, ToroTrak, XTrac Ford, Prodrive, Ricardo Target >20% NEDC CO2 saving when integrated as a full hybrid system. Potentially more efficient, lighter and cheaper than an electric hybrid. A lightweight composite flywheel spinning at very high speed in a vacuum. The flywheel is connected to the vehicle by a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

29. Plug inhybrids Kinetichybrids Serieshybrids Diesel ERAD Hybrid– full hybrid Belt ISG –micro hybrid Stop / Start Hybrid Technology Route Map C02 Tailpipe Emissions TIME Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

30. Series Hybrid: Limo Green Targets 184g/km Consumption: 5l/100km (57mpg) CO2 emissions: <120g/km Top speed: 180 km/h (112mph) Range: 1000km 0-100kph 7.9sec 80-112kph 3.5sec Kerb weight: 1700kg Plug-In range of 30miles <120g/km Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

31. Limo Green – Vehicle Architecture Battery Electric Motor Gearbox Range Extender Differential Fuel Tank Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

32. Sustainable Limit • The ultimate transport? • Walking/Cycling cycling at 9.4mph = 23.3 kcal/km walking at 4mph = 40.4 kcal/km Food results in 1.4 tonnes CO2/person/year = 1.5 gCO2/kcal cycling at 9.4mph = 34 gCO2/km walking at 4mph = 61 gCO2/km An interesting sanity check on possible lower limits points to a practical lower limit in the region of 40gCO2 / Km. 1Reebok Instructor News, Volume 4, Number 2, 1997 2Carbon Trust (2006) The carbon emissions generated in all that we consume Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies

33. Thank you for your time… …any questions? Jaguar & Land Rover Hybrid Technologies