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What is Grid Computing?

What is Grid Computing?. Cevat Şener Dept. of Computer Engineering, METU. Why Do We Need?. Our computational needs are infinite, whereas our financial resources are finite users will always want more & more powerful computers

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What is Grid Computing?

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  1. What is Grid Computing? Cevat Şener Dept. of Computer Engineering, METU

  2. Why Do We Need? • Our computational needs are infinite, whereas our financial resources are finite • users will always want more & more powerful computers • try & utilize the potentially hundreds of thousands of computers that are interconnected in some unified way • need seamless access to remote resources

  3. 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 Evolution Performance + QoS Personal SMP, Cluster Cluster of The Global Grid Super Clusters

  4. What is Grid? • An infrastructure that couples • Computers (e.g., PCs, clusters, ...) • Software (e.g., special purpose applications) • Databases (e.g., access to human genome database) • Special Instruments (e.g., radio telescope) • People (e.g., researchers) • Across the Internet and presents them as an unified integrated (single) resource

  5. An Analogy • “The (Computational) Grid is analogous to Electricity (Power) Grid and the vision is to offer a dependable, consistent, pervasive, and inexpensive access to high-end resources irrespective their location of physical existence and the location of access.”

  6. The Grid Impact! • “The global computational grid is expected to drive the economy of the 21st century similar to the electric power grid that drove the economy of the 20th century”

  7. The Internet and … The Internetwork (The Internet) Internetwork Internetwork … Internetwork Network Network Network Network Network … Network

  8. … The Grid Cluster of Clusters Cluster of Clusters … Cluster of Clusters Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster … Cluster The Cluster of Clusters (The Grid)

  9. Started far apart in applications & technology Grid and Web Services Standards • Convergence of Core Technology Standards allows common base for Business and Technology Services Grid GT1 GT2 OGSI Have been converging WSRF BPEL WS-* WSDL, SOAP XML HTTP Web

  10. Operating System: Linux The Value of Open Standards Distributed Computing: Grid (Globus  OGSA) Applications: Web Services (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI) Information: World-wide Web (html, http, j2ee, xml) Communications: e-mail (pop3,SMTP,Mime) Networking: The Internet (TCP/IP)

  11. SOA Standards WSDL UDDI BPEL WS-Profile WS-Security WS-Choreography And many others… Grid Standards OGSI Extension to WSDL WS-Resource WS-ResourceLifetime WS-ResourceProperties WS-RenewableReferences WS-ServiceGroup WS-BaseFaults Standards Involved

  12. A network of geographically distributed resources. Each user should have a single login account to access all resources. Resources may be owned by diverse organizations. Computational Grids

  13. Grids are typically managed by grid middleware (gridware). Gridware can be viewed as a special type of middleware that enable sharing and manage grid components based on user requirements and resource attributes (e.g., capacity, performance, availability…) Computational Grids

  14. Methods of Grid Computing • Distributed Supercomputing • High-Throughput Computing • On-Demand Computing • Data-Intensive Computing • Collaborative Computing • Logistical Networking

  15. Distributed Supercomputing • Combining multiple high-capacity resources on a computational grid into a single, virtual distributed supercomputer. • Tackle problems that cannot be solved on a single system.

  16. High-Throughput Computing • Uses the grid to schedule large numbers of loosely coupled or independent tasks, with the goal of putting unused processor cycles to work.

  17. On-Demand Computing • Uses grid capabilities to meet short-term requirements for resources that are not locally accessible. • Models real-time computing demands.

  18. Data-Intensive Computing • The focus is on synthesizing new information from data that is maintained in geographically distributed repositories, digital libraries, and databases. • Particularly useful for distributed data mining.

  19. Collaborative Computing • Concerned primarily with enabling and enhancing human-to-human interactions. • Applications are often structured in terms of a virtual shared space.

  20. Logistical Networking • Global scheduling and optimization of data movement. • Contrasts with traditional networking, which does not explicitly model storage resources in the network. • Called "logistical" because of the analogy it bears with the systems of warehouses, depots, and distribution channels.

  21. A chemist may utilize hundreds of processors to screen thousands of compounds per hour. Teams of engineers worldwide pool resources to analyze terabytes of structural data. Meteorologists seek to visualize and analyze petabytes of climate data with enormous computational demands. ... Who Needs Grid Computing?

  22. More and More Application Areas • High Energy Physics • Biomedicine • Earth Sciences • Computational Chemistry • Astronomy • Geo-Physics • Financial Simulation • ...

  23. An Example: LHC from EGEE • The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) located at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland • Scheduled to go into production in 2007 • Will generate 10 Petabytes of information per year • This information must be processed and stored somewhere • It is beyond the scope ofa single institution to manage this problem

  24. Grid People • Grid developers • Tool developers • Application developers • End Users • System Administrators

  25. Grid Developers • Very small group. • Implementers of a grid “protocol” who provides the basic services required to construct a grid.

  26. Tool Developers • Implement the programming models used by application developers. • Implement basic services similar to conventional computing services: • User authentication/authorization • Process management • Data access and communication

  27. Tool Developers • Also implement new (grid) services such as: • Resource locations • Fault detection • Security • Electronic payment

  28. Application Developers • Construct grid-enabled applications for end-users who should be able to use these applications without concern for the underlying grid. • Provide programming models that are appropriate for grid environments and services that programmers can rely on when developing (higher-level) applications.

  29. System Administrators • Balance local and global concerns. • Manage grid components and infrastructure. • Some tasks still not well delineated due to the high degree of sharing required.

  30. A p p l i c a t i o n s Diverse global services Local OS Grid Architecture UserApplications Collectiveservices Core Services and Abstractions Resource and Connectivity protocol Fabric

  31. Workflows as Application Model • An application is developed as a workflow containing one or more jobs • Connections among jobs are all off-line through files. DAG

  32. Workflows as Application Model • Jobs could be executed sequentially or in parallel. • A job may contain tasks interconnected through on-line MPI calls. Sequential Parallel

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